基于ETM+的积雪提取方法研究——以新疆玛纳斯河流域为例

为了高精度地提取积雪信息, 消除森林覆盖区以及结冰河流水体对于积雪信息提取的影响, 以Landsat ETM+为数据源, 分析了玛纳斯河流域积雪信息提取的归一化差值积雪指数阈值, 并建立积雪信息提取方法. 对研究区进行了积雪信息提取, 并与国际数据服务平台所得的积雪信息提取结果进行了比较. 结果表明: 基于Landsat数据利用归一化差值积雪指数提取积雪信息时, 其合理阈值应为0.37; 通过总体精度以及Kappa相关系数在结冰水体区域以及森林覆盖区域的提取结果进行对比, 认定所使用的提取方法更加准确可靠.     

甘肃地区近震震级的量规函数研究

To calculate the deviations between single station magnitudes and average ones by the magnitude residual statistical method, the paper selects 13086 seismic events recorded by the Gansu broadband digital seismic network from January 2009 to December 2012. The frequency distribution and quantitative statistics of the deviations of earthquake magnitude are analyzed. The M L calibration function is modified and a uniform local magnitude system characteristic of the Gansu region, is obtained.     

武都分量钻孔应变在汶川MS8.0级地震前的异常变化分析

通过对武都应变台多年应变资料的处理分析后发现,在汶川8.0级地震发生前,武都台应变有显著的前兆异常变化,它与昆仑山口西8.1级地震前出现的异常有很高的相似度.昆仑山口西地震和汶川地震前都有“α-β-γ”形变阶段,在不同的前兆异常阶段,异常形态有明显的差异,而且各具特点.尤其在β1阶段,EW道、面应变、差应变的异常变化（中期异常）都出现在震前2-3年,持续时间约1年多,而且异常都非常显著.本文详细分析了武都台应变在各个阶段的前兆异常变化特征,并就其原因进行了初步分析.     

Quantitative characterization of reservoir space in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale,southern Sichuan,China

Based on the drilling data of the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Shale and the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale in southern Sichuan Basin,the construction of matrix pores and the development condition of fractures in a marine organic-rich shale are quantitatively evaluated through the establishment of the reservoir petrophysical models and porosity mathematical models.Our studies show that there are four major characteristics of the Longmaxi Shale confirmed by the quantitative characterization:(1)the pore volume of per unit mass is the highest in organic matter,followed in clay minerals,finally in brittle minerals;(2)the porosity of the effective shale reservoir is moderate and equal to that of the Barnett Shale,and the main parts of the shale reservoir spaces are interlayer pores of clay minerals and organic pores;(3)the porosity of the organic-rich shale is closely related to TOC and brittle mineral/clay mineral ratio,and mainly increases with TOC and clay mineral content;(4)fractures are developed in this black shale,and are mainly micro ones and medium-large ones.In the Longmaxi Shale,the fracture density increases from top to bottom,reflecting the characteristics with high brittle mineral content,high Young’s modulus,low Poisson's ratio and high brittleness at its bottom.     

黄骅坳陷歧口凹陷古近系沙三2亚段辫状河三角洲沉积模拟实验研究

黄骅坳陷歧口凹陷古近系沙河街组是大港油田油气勘探的主要目的层,该组主要发育辫状河三角洲和扇三角洲沉积砂体,其中辫状河三角洲砂体是有利的油气储集体。在区域构造、古地貌和沉积体系等研究基础上,应用沉积模拟技术,再现了研究区孔店物源辫状河三角洲的形成过程和沉积微相特征,在实验条件下,孔店物源辫状河三角洲可划分为3个亚相、7个微相。实验研究表明,基底沉降、相对湖平面升降、流量及流量变幅、加砂量（物源供给）等是影响辫状河三角洲的形成及其演化的控制因素。通过实际砂体和实验砂体厚度展布对比分析,预测了有利储集层分布区域。综合歧口凹陷原始地质模型和实验模拟成果,建立了模拟实验条件下歧口凹陷古近系沙三²亚段辫状河三角洲沉积模式。     

4 种经济海藻脂肪酸组成分析

采用改进的Bligh-Dyer法提取脂溶性成分,气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)进行分离和鉴定,C19:0内标确定总脂及各组分含量,研究了鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)、浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)、龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)和红毛菜(Bangia sp.)4种经济海藻的脂肪酸组成及含量。结果表明,4种海藻都检测出C14-C22脂肪酸,总脂含量在12～19 mg/g之间,不饱和脂肪酸为主要组成成分,含量均超过60%。不饱和脂肪酸中以多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)为主,富含n-3和n-6系列PUFAs,n-6与n-3系列PUFAs之比均低于2。比较4种海藻脂肪酸组成特点表明,鼠尾藻以C16、C18和C20为主要组成成分,具褐藻类脂肪酸组成特征;浒苔以C16和C18为主要组成成分,具绿藻类脂肪酸组成特征;龙须菜和红毛菜以C16和C20类脂肪酸为主,具典型红藻类脂肪酸组成特征,同时二者又有不同之处,分别显示真红藻与原始红藻脂肪酸组成的特点。     

On Estimating Transportation Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Off-shore Island Tourism—A Case Study of Haikou City,China

In the tourism industry, transportation is the greatest consumer of energy and contributes the largest amount of CO₂ emissions (ECCE). Airplane flights make up between 60% and 70% of all forms of tourism transport. Since airplane travel is the main way for tourists to access islands, airplane travel receives considerable attention in the study of the relationship between island tourism transportation, environment and economy. However, the parameters adopted to estimate ECCE in the literature are usually either out-of-date or taken from papers not written in China. To improve the accuracy of estimates, all the parameters used in this paper are current and were obtained locally. Based on these parameters and a bottom-up approach, a more accurate estimation of ECCE for the off-shore island city of Haikou was obtained in 2012. The results indicate that 24.30% of the city’s energy consumption, 33.89 PJ, was due to tourism transportation, while CO₂ emissions were 2.54 Mt. It is incorrect to assume that tourism is “an industry with no pollution”. In Haikou, for example, tourism turns out to be the major form of energy consumption in the city. This paper makes several suggestions intended to minimize the negative environmental impact from tourism transportation. These include recommending longer stays, a decrease in the number of flights, taxation of airplane emissions, and the setting up an environmental recovery fund.     

顾及几何特征的规则激光点云分割方法

三维激光扫描仪能快速地获取三维场景的高精度点云数据,已成为快速三维建模的重要工具。点云分割是三维点云模型数据预处理中的首要环节,也是影响重建效率与模型质量的重要因素。以激光点云的分割为研究切入点,以八叉树空间划分方式对数据进行组织,并用八进制编码进行命名,结合K邻近搜索法获取目标点的局部邻近点,采用加权平均目标点相邻的三角面片法向量来估算单点法向量。基于投影欧氏距离拟合曲面求取曲率。量化了规则点云集的分割约束条件,采用法向量信息来进行平面点的提取,根据曲率在两个主方向上的差异性来识别和分割柱面和球面信息。试验结果表明：①基于法矢量的平面点分割效果理想;②基于曲率差异性的规则曲面点分割效果较差;③基于几何特性的规则激光点分割方法合理可行。