江苏海域文蛤周年性腺发育的初步研究

江苏文蛤(Meretrixmeretrix)属于较为独立的地理种群。为提高江苏文蛤苗种生产能力,于2003年12月到2004年11月在江苏沿海海域的东凌、新港、吕四、大丰等采样点,定期取样,计算文蛤各采样时期的丰满度,并及时测量水温,对性腺进行直接和显微切片观察,以研究其性腺发育特点。观察表明,其发育可分为5个期:形成期、生长期、成熟期、排放期及耗尽期。形成期在3~4月,水温10.5~16.5℃;生长期在4~5月,水温18~20.5℃;成熟期在5~6月,水温24~25℃;放散期在6~8月,水温24~32℃;耗尽期在9月以后,直到11月份,水温从24℃左右下降到10℃左右。水温在10℃以下时,文蛤的生长发育处于停滞状态,从11月持续到第二年的3月初。江苏文蛤性腺发育的时间比辽宁文蛤早1个月左右,比广西文蛤迟1个月左右。     

结露时间与浅层土壤湿度相关特征

天气现象自动化观测系统,通过图像自动化识别技术,能自动观测地表结露天气现象,并能记录结露发生的时间。北京市平谷气象站安装了土壤湿度仪和天气现象自动化观测系统,通过统计分析平谷气象站2011年4—9月天气现象自动化观测系统得到的结露时间资料与浅层土壤湿度资料,得到结露时间与土壤湿度具有一定的相关关系,即0~10cm层土壤湿度越大结露时间越早。相反,0~10cm土壤湿度越小,结露时间越晚,当0~10cm土壤湿度小于一定值后就不发生结露现象。为了进一步验证结露时间与土壤湿度具有一定的相关关系,分析了北京市怀柔、门头沟、朝阳、大兴和延庆等站结露时间与降水后日数的关系。     

民勤和沙坡头地区荒漠植物的净光合速率及CO2补偿点

本文测定了民勤和沙坡头地区26种荒漠旱生植物、21种中生植物和5种农作物的淨光合速率及CO₂补偿点。荒漠旱生植物在自然环境下的淨光合速率都很低,一般只有5-10毫克CO₂/克干重,小时;最低者如超旱生植物红砂;仅有1.5毫克CO₂/克干重。小时;最高者冰草可达14毫克CO₂/克干重。小时。除4种松柏类植物外,中生植物的淨光合速率多数在10-20毫克CO₂/克干重。小时。高产作物的淨光合速率高达30-50毫克CO₂/克干重。小时。与此相反,荒漠旱生植物的CO₂补偿点较高,一般在50-100ppm,最高可达120ppm,而高产作物高粱的CO₂补偿点仅22ppm。初步结论认为:荒漠旱生植物具有低光合速率和高光呼吸的特征,是长期适应干旱环境的结果。     

极移与构造运动

真极移现象已由古地磁学家观测到,数量级约为1°/Ma,它还得到流变学的证明。一个大陆的视极移减去真极移等于该大陆在地幔上的运动。笔者用真极移模型研究了华北中生代地壳运动,其结果与地质证据相容。此外还求出200Ma以来华北陆块的纬度变化和方位角变化,得出华北陆块受地幔的作用使纬度变化比其方位角变化稍大,证明华北大地构造有其方向性特征。      

On Estimating Transportation Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Off-shore Island Tourism—A Case Study of Haikou City,China

In the tourism industry, transportation is the greatest consumer of energy and contributes the largest amount of CO₂ emissions (ECCE). Airplane flights make up between 60% and 70% of all forms of tourism transport. Since airplane travel is the main way for tourists to access islands, airplane travel receives considerable attention in the study of the relationship between island tourism transportation, environment and economy. However, the parameters adopted to estimate ECCE in the literature are usually either out-of-date or taken from papers not written in China. To improve the accuracy of estimates, all the parameters used in this paper are current and were obtained locally. Based on these parameters and a bottom-up approach, a more accurate estimation of ECCE for the off-shore island city of Haikou was obtained in 2012. The results indicate that 24.30% of the city’s energy consumption, 33.89 PJ, was due to tourism transportation, while CO₂ emissions were 2.54 Mt. It is incorrect to assume that tourism is “an industry with no pollution”. In Haikou, for example, tourism turns out to be the major form of energy consumption in the city. This paper makes several suggestions intended to minimize the negative environmental impact from tourism transportation. These include recommending longer stays, a decrease in the number of flights, taxation of airplane emissions, and the setting up an environmental recovery fund.     

THEMIS statistical study on the plasma properties of high-speed flows in Earth’s magnetotail

Using Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms(THEMIS) observations from 2007 to 2011 tail seasons, we study the plasma properties of high speed flows(HSFs) and background plasma sheet events(BPSs) in Earth's magnetotail(|Y_(GSM)|13R_E, |Z_(GSM)|5R_E, –30R_EX_(GSM)–6R_E), and their correlations with solar wind parameters. Statistical results show that the closer the HSFs and BPSs are to the Earth, the hotter they become, and the temperature increase of HSFs is larger than that of BPSs. The density and temperature ratios between HSFs and BPSs are also larger when events are closer to Earth. We also find that the best correlations between the HSFs(BPSs) density and the solar wind density occur when the solar wind density is averaged 2(3.5) hours prior to the onset of HSFs(BPSs). The normalized densities of both HSFs and BPSs are correlated with the interplanetary magnetic field(IMF) θ angles(θ=arctan(B_Z/((B_x~2)+(B_y~2))~(1/2) which are averaged 3 hours before the observation time. Further analysis indicates that both HSFs and BPSs become denser during the northward IMF period.     

顾及几何特征的规则激光点云分割方法

三维激光扫描仪能快速地获取三维场景的高精度点云数据,已成为快速三维建模的重要工具。点云分割是三维点云模型数据预处理中的首要环节,也是影响重建效率与模型质量的重要因素。以激光点云的分割为研究切入点,以八叉树空间划分方式对数据进行组织,并用八进制编码进行命名,结合K邻近搜索法获取目标点的局部邻近点,采用加权平均目标点相邻的三角面片法向量来估算单点法向量。基于投影欧氏距离拟合曲面求取曲率。量化了规则点云集的分割约束条件,采用法向量信息来进行平面点的提取,根据曲率在两个主方向上的差异性来识别和分割柱面和球面信息。试验结果表明：①基于法矢量的平面点分割效果理想;②基于曲率差异性的规则曲面点分割效果较差;③基于几何特性的规则激光点分割方法合理可行。     

Sequence analysis of the ITS region and 5.8S rDNA of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Porphyra haitanensis</Emphasis>

The sequences of the ITS(internal transcribed spacer) and 5.8S rDNA of three cultivated strains of Porphyra haitanensis thalli(NB,PT and ST) were amplified,sequenced and analyzed.In addition,the phylogenic relationships of the sequences identified in this study with those of other Porphyra retrieved from GenBank were evaluated.The results are as follows:the sequences of the ITS and 5.8S rDNA were essentially identical among the three strains.The sequences of ITS1 were 331 bp to 334 bp,while those of the 5.8...