顶点重要度调整的三维场景集成简化方法

针对地形模型随视点简化时,容易引起边界的变化,使得地物模型与地形模型简化过程中产生"裂缝"或翻转现象的问题,文章提出一种改进方法:在对三维地形和地物进行集成后,采用递进格网表示方法并在边折叠过程中采用条件约束对其简化;在边排序的基础上,根据顶点重要度进行排序。该方法优点是计算时间短,且权值定义能够很好地反映局部几何特征,能够保持三维地形、地物模型边界原始信息和格网三角面的基本方向,并消除集成模型之间的"裂缝"或悬空现象。最后通过对整个三维场景进行动态实时绘制,证明该方法具有良好的可视化效果。     

农业生态系统结构的线性规划选优探讨

在崔营生产结构最优方案中,我们选择农业净产值最大为规划目标,同时设置了十七个决策变量和十九个约束方程.最优化方案指出,调整后农林牧结构由单一种植业为主变为农林牧工副各业相结合的林果业和畜牧业迅速发展的经济效益与生态效益相统一的新结构.     

A Ring Model for Limit Analysis of Spatial XX Tubular Joints

-A ring model is developed to investigate the ultimate strength of tubular X and XX joints in the case that the brace is compressed. In the present analysis, the tubular joint is made of elasto-perfectly-plastic material, and the arch element of the chord section intersecting with the brace is assumed to be rigid. It is found that when 6 plastic hinges for X joint and 8 plastic hinges Tor XX joint appear in the ring, the limit state is reached, and by means of the equivalent ring width Be formula proposed in a previous paper by the authors, the ultimate strength of tubular X and XX joints subjected to compression can be obtained.     

海带综合利用的进一步研究

海带类的工业利用在国外从17世纪末就开始,19世纪中叶起陆续出现了一些综合利用的方法。近20年来在这方面进行研究工作较多的国家有日本、英国、苏联等。 近几年来,我国由于大力开展了海带的人工养殖,产量猛增,为工业利用提供了必要的基础。我们在研究了海带综合利用中的两个关键性问题一一原料处理和主产品褐藻酸的提取条件——之后,接着开始了综合利用方法的研究。 国外所研究的海带综合利用要点和缺点大致是： 1. 从同一份海带中综合考虑的产品大多是褐藻酸、碘和甘露醇,而很少同时考虑氯化鉀、褐藻淀粉等其他产品; 2. 水溶性成分是用稀酸提取,这不仅消耗酸和中和用碱,而且对褐藻酸会带来很不利的影响; 3. 甘露醇和碘的分离也各有不同：高桥等推荐用铜沉淀法;英国则直接用酒精从海藻中提取甘露醇,或从稀酸提取液中加有机药品制成水不溶性甘露醇衍生物。前者所需铜盐量相当大,且对于氯化鉀、褐藻淀粉的分离研究不利;后者直接以酒精煮沸海藻,必将显著减低褐藻酸粘度,而水不溶性甘露醇沉淀的制备则成本太高,无多大实用价值。 我们认为,要寻求一个较全面、合理、轻济、简易的综合利用流程,首先应考虑： 1. 各种成分如褐藻酸、甘露醇、碘、氯化鉀、褐藻淀粉等的全面利用的流程; 2. 以水代替稀酸作提取剂;同时确定各种产品的适宜分离条件等。 综合利用流程的初步轮廓和结果已于1959年初提出。其后至1960年初这段时间内,我们对于各产品的分离条件和在各步骤中的产率等方面作了比较系统的进一步实验,并且对于先前提出的流程作了部分修正、补充。     

Prediction of Static Strength of Tubular T and X Joints Subjected to Axial Compression

-The formulation of ring analogy method for the prediction of static strength (ductile collapse) of tubular T, X joints under axial compression based on the limit analysis of the ring with some assumptions is presented in this papaer. The regression formula for the effective length of the chord based on test results is established by means of the least square method. The results computed by the present semi-analytic formula are compared with previous results and test data. They are quite close to each other. The accuracy of the present formula depends on the reasonable selection of the effective length of the chord, which requires numerous test data.     

Test and Numerical Analysis of the Constitutive Relation of a Diatomaceous Soft Rock

A kind of diatomaceous soft rock and its constitutive model are studied in this article. Based on Yin and Graham's (1999) 3-D elastic viscoplastic constitutive model, the formulation under a triaxial stress state is established, and it is used to simulate the time-dependent stress-strain behavior and effective stress path of consolidated undrained triaxial tests of both normally consolidated and overconsolidated soft rock. The comparison between the model predictions and measured results shows that their agreement is good. This demonstrates that the constitutive equation established here can be used to simulate the time-dependent stress-strain behavior of the soft rock under triaxial stress condition.     

Interaction of 54Mn and 55(59)Fe with EDTA in seawater and 0.55 M NaCl solutions

Interaction of ⁵⁴Mn and ⁵⁵⁽⁵⁹⁾Fe with EDTA in seawater and NaCl solutions was investigated by high-voltage paper electrophoresis. These two radionuclides were chosen because they represent two modes of behaviour of radionuclides in seawater—EDTA systems. In seawater without EDTA or at low EDTA concentrations in the systems ⁵⁴Mn behaves as a cation while ⁵⁵⁽⁵⁹⁾Fe gives a zone at the starting point of the electrophoretic strip. At higher EDTA concentrations, both radionuclides give only one anionic zone showing complexing with EDTA. In the intermediate range of the EDTA concentration (“transition region”) ⁵⁴Mn shows continuous change of the electrophoretic mobility from cationic to anionic (fast rate of interaction with EDTA), while ⁵⁵⁽⁵⁹⁾Fe reacts very slowly giving two well-separated zones in the transition region of the EDTA concentration.EDTA concentrations were varied from 10^?6 to 10^?2M, pH being adjusted to 8.0. The behaviour of radionuclides was followed by measuring the electrophoretic mobilities of radionuclides in dependence on the EDTA concentration at different aging times from 0 to 7 days.From the experimental data effective stability constants and the number of EDTA-ligands of ⁵⁴MnEDTA and ⁵⁵⁽⁵⁹⁾FeEDTA complexes in seawater and 0.55 M NaCl solutions were calculated.     

Identification of Porphyra lines using computerized DNA fingerprinting

ImpIONPorghyra is one of the most important rnarine a1gae with glObal distribution and importanterenomic value. AIthOtJgh the yield of POrPhpo is lower than that of kelp, the output valueof Porghpp occupies the first place in rnarine algae in China. The traditional taxonomy ishanly had on the morpbolOgical characteristics, such as the morpbobeical traits size, rnar-gin celIs and the number of repnductive cells. However, most of morPhobeical traits are af:fected by environrnntal factOrs …     

海带中各种形态氨基酸含量的季节变异

海带在我国作为食品和药用已有悠久的历史。解放后开始有计划地进行了人工养殖,特别从1958年以来,海带产量逐年大幅度增长,现在我国从北方的辽宁省到南方的福建省都有养殖,年产已达相当数量。目前只一部分用作工业原料,而大部分用作食品。海带除含有大量碳水化合物、无机盐外,还含有较多的蛋白质和各种维生素等,为广大人民所喜用的、营养价值较高的副食品。 伟大导师恩格斯指出:“生命是蛋白体的存在方式,……”。海带同陆地植物以及其他藻类一样。蛋白质的代谢对其生长、发育具有决定性的意义。人们对淡水单胞藻已做了大量生物化学研究工作,对于其氮代谢的途径有了较多的了解。对各种海藻的含氮化合物的研究也做了若干工作,但对海带属这样大型藻类的含氮化合物的研究做的还不多。国外过去多从阐明营养价值的角度,对海带属的一般含氮量和氨基酸进行过分析。例如Mazur等用化学分析法测定了海带属中的几种氨基酸含量; Ericson等对糖海带(Laminaria saccharina)的水解物做过纸上层析定性; Coulson则对克氏海带(L.cloustonii)的水解物用纸上层析法进行了氨基酸定量; Ogino用纸上层析法粗略地估计了日本产海带的70%乙醇提取物中的氨基酸含量;高木用化学分析法分析了海带水解物中的个別氨基酸含量; Takagi等用柱层析法测定了海帯的75%乙醇提取物中的游离氨基酸含量。近来,大石等着重研究了日本产海带中的含氮量和70%乙醇可溶游离氨基酸的分布对海带质量的关系。 过去,我们初步测定过我国一年生海带的含氮量季节变化。随着我国海带养殖事业莲勃发展,有必要对我国海带的化学成份,特别是游离状态的和构成蛋白质的氨基酸的种类和含量变异进行深入研究,可能有助于生产部门在探讨海带生长和品质时作参考。为此,我们较系统地硏究了我们培育的海带中所含各种形态氨基酸的季节变异。     

太湖北岸风浪谱的特征分析

利用１９９２年在太湖北岸马迹山地区测得的浅水风风浪资料，采用ＦＦＴ方法求算风浪频谱，对谱结构特征的分析表明，观测到的风浪谱在平衡范围谱值按－４．０幂指数衰减，风浪谱形状与文圣常给出的理论结果比较接近。另外，分析以风要素为参量得到的无因次化频谱可以看出，观测谱基本满足谱的相似律。