ON LOPINITE,A NEW TYPE OF COAL IN CHINA

To the east of Nanchang,the capital of Kiangsi Province,there cropsout a continuous belt of Permian coal series~1 trending approximately in thedirection from N.E.to S.W.Broadly speaking,this coal belt forms a synclinal     

Spatially explicit measures of production of young alewives in Lake Michigan: Linkage between essential fish habitat and recruitment

The identification and protection of essential habitats for early life stages of fishes are necessary to sustain fish stocks. Essential fish habitat for early life stages may be defined as areas where fish densities, growth, survival, or production rates are relatively high. To identify critical habitats for young-of-year (YOY) alewives (Alosa pseud oharengus) in Lake Michigan, we integrated bioenergetics models with GIS (Geographic Information Systems) to generate spatially explicit estimates of potential population production (an index of habitat quality). These estimates were based upon YOY alewife bioenergetic growth rate potential and their salmonine predators’ consumptive demand. We compared estimates of potential population production to YOY alewife yield (an index of habitat importance). Our analysis suggested that during 1994–1995, YOY alewife habitat quality and yield varied widely throughout Lake Michigan. Spatial patterns of alewife yield were not significantly correlated to habitat quality. Various mechanisms (e.g., predator migrations, lake circulation patterns, alternative strategies) may preclude YOY alewives from concentrating in areas of high habitat quality in Lake Michigan.     

Höhenwinde auf dem Seeweg Kapverdenregion — La Plata

Zusammenfassung Durch die Deutsche Atlantische Expedition auf «Meteor» 1925–27 und das maritim-aerologische Werk der Deutschen Seewarte wurden zahlreiche Höhenwindmessungen auf dem Atlantischen Ozean gewonnen. Die Bearbeitung dieses Materials, für das Gebiet südlich von 20° Nordbreite und die Messungen bis 1937, geschieht im Rahmen des Meteorwerkes, in Band XVI als Fortsetzung von Band XV-Kriegsereignisse und Schwierigkeiten der Nachkriegszeit haben die Veröffentlichung leider stark verzögert. Für die vorliegende Mitteilung werden einige Teilergebnisse ausgewählt, die sich auf den Seeweg nach Südamerika beziehen; als Beitrag zur Gewinnung erforderlicher quantitativer Daten über die allgemeine Zirkulation.Für die Höhenstufen 4–5, 9–10 und 14–15 km werden die mittleren Windelemente und die Streuung der Windgeschwindigkeiten behandelt. Es wird die Schichtung der Luftströmungen im Vertikalprofil des Seeweges für 0–15 km Höhe gegeben. Auf die Struktur des Urpassates (der tropischen Ostströmung) und der tropischen Westwindschicht der hohen Troposphäre in den verschiedenen Jahreszeiten wird näher eingegangen.

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Summary By the German Atlantic Expedition on the «Meteor», 1925–1927, and the marine-aerological work of the Deutsche Seewarte numerous upper air wind measurements were gained from the Atlantic. The evaluation of this material for the area in the south of 20° northern latitude and of the measurements up to 1937 is done within the scale of the «Meteorwerk», vol. XVI as a continuation of vol. XV. In consequence of war events and the difficulties of the time after the war the publication has been delayed considerably. For the information on hand, some partial results are selected which refer to the route to South America; as a contribution for gaining necessaryquantitative data on the general circulation.For the levels 4–5, 9–10, and 14–15 km the average wind elements and the dispersion of the wind velocities are treated. The stratification of air currents in the vertical profile of the route is given for the height of 0–15 km. It is entered into particulars of the structure of the «Urpassat» (tropical easterlies), and the tropical West-wind layer of the upper troposphere in various seasons.