1949年新疆库车7.4/级地震的地震构造条件

前人研究认为 ,库车 194 9年 7 级地震主要与天山南麓活动构造带的NEE向秋立塔格断裂有关。最近笔者根据深地震地壳测深、石油地质及活断裂等研究的新成果 ,对这次地震的构造条件进行了较深入的分析。塔里木陆块向天山俯冲 ,天山上地壳被挤压块断隆升并侧向推覆扩展 ,于天山南缘形成库车盆地及由秋立塔格等一系列逆断裂组成的逆断 -褶皱系 ,这是发育于沉积盖层的薄皮构造。NE向库车 -依西 1井断裂是库车盆地构造中重要的传递断裂 ,位于NE向的乌鲁木齐 -库车 -柯坪构造带中。有关 7 级地震的地震学研究结果与秋立塔格断裂完全不符 ,而与库车 -依西 1井断裂基本一致     

鲁北和鲁西南地区古近纪盆地沉积特征与控制因素探讨

鲁北地区和鲁西南地区古近纪盆地在地层、沉积和构造演化上都具有可对比性。鲁西南露头区古近纪地层及其沉积特征的研究对鲁北覆盖区古近纪古环境的恢复和沉积特征研究起到重要的参考作用。本文对两个地区的地层和沉积特征进行了对比。根据官庄群在鲁西南地区的沉积分布，发现了在晚白垩世至早始新世鲁西南盆地发生时间有从南向北、由东向西推迟的规律。通过对鲁西南和济阳塌陷沉积和断层发育特征的对比研究发现，郯庐断裂在晚侏罗世至早始新世以左旋剪切活动为主，派生了鲁西南和济阳塌陷NW向的断层；早始新世末期是一个构造转型期，鲁西南和济阳塌陷发育了近EW向的断层；中、晚始新世是郯庐砌裂右旋剪切活动员强烈的时期，鲁西南和济阳塌陷发育了NE向断层。     

冀东柳赞油田古近系沙河街组层序地层及岩相古地理?

柳赞油田位于河北省滦南县与唐海县交界处,是冀东油田的主力油田之一。构造上处于燕山褶皱带前缘，渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷的东部。受柏各庄断层活动及古斜坡地形的影响，该区古近系沙三段地层属于近源快速堆积沉积，分选差，成熟度低，岩相复杂，为典型的扇三角洲沉积。通过对沉积特征和沉积相带展布的分析，建立了工区扇三角洲的沉积模式。以层序地层学原理和方法为手段，应用测井和三维地震资料，通过不整合面、湖泛面等层序界面和沉积旋回的识别，将柳赞油田沙河街组地层划分为4个准层序组，12个准层序，建立了高分辨率的层序地层格架，分析了准层序在垂向上的叠置样式，把准层序组归纳为进积式和退积式两种类型，确定了优质储层在准层序和准层序组中出现的位置及分布规律。论文在分析沙河街组沉积时期古地形、古气候与古生态特征的基础上，应用砂岩厚度等值线图，恢复了柳赞油田古近系沙河街组岩相古地理面貌。研究表明，工区内发育扇三角洲前缘亚相，分支水道是主要的砂体微相，砂体沿北东－南西向延伸，与古物源方向基本一致。     

滇东华力西期不整合面含金性

多年对滇东地质勘查和矿业开发研究中发现，区内各金矿床(体)的赋存部位，多沿被动大陆边缘华力西期不整合面分布。由于区内华力西期不整合面明显受到边缘NS两侧两条深大断裂控制，多期NE～SW向左行剪切挤压作用，使不整合面上下地块以其为差异变形轴，旋转产生多期构造剥离或错移，在不整合面上下层位中形成较发育的构造剥离空间、张裂带或板劈理带。这些略呈线型分布的构造挤压带，在地史发展过程中，卷入多期构造变形后演变成局限断裂陷槽或槽沟环境，沉积了一套有别于其它区域的岩性组合。边缘深大断裂多期次海底基性火山喷发或喷流作用。除提供了幔源、壳源含金物质和含矿热液的活化与迁移的通道外，再次卷入构造变形的这些局限断裂陷槽或槽沟又成为区域金成矿物质聚集的有利场所，含矿热液选择沉积其内或堆积其中的细碎屑岩、粘土质岩、含碳质泥质岩类、不纯碳酸盐岩进行交代与沉淀，不受层控的影响，形成了滇东沿华力西期不整合面或接触带金成矿带。     

低产低渗裂缝油田吞吐采油试验研究

头台油田是构造—岩性油藏。裂缝型、特低渗透是其显著特点，常规注水开发后经常出现严重的油井水淹，造成油田开发低效。本文以头台油田研究为例，认为对于裂缝型特低渗透油田，采用注水吞吐采油技术，通过套管直接向地层注水，利用储层毛管力作用，进行油水置换，实现单井自注自采吞吐采油，可以改善油田开发效果，减缓产量递减。适合注水吞吐采油基本条件是岩石润湿性为弱亲水和岩石饱和非润湿相。影响注水吞吐采油效果的主要因素是储层吸水状况、微缝发育状况、储层非均质性、注入体积和关井压力等。吞吐采油技术可作为改善裂缝型特低渗透油藏开发效果的一种新的模式来研究和推广。     

单二块稠油油藏剩余油分布规律研究及应用

活跃边底水稠油油藏高轮次吞吐以后，由于受储层非均质性，开采方式，油藏边底水，射孔井段等因素影响。剩余油分布规律复杂，蒸汽吞吐开采效果变差。通过对活跃边底水稠油油藏高轮次吞吐阶段剩余油分布规律和影响因素的研究，利用新钻井，定向侧钻，扶停产井完善井网，采用补孔扩射调整注汽产液剖面，注氮气或注氮气加化学剂控制水锥等手段，改善了高轮次吞吐稠油油藏开发效果，在单家寺稠油油藏应用后取得了较好的成效。     

Particle fluxes dynamics in Blanes submarine canyon (Northwestern Mediterranean)

Within the framework of the multidisciplinary RECS project and with the aim of describing the particle flux transfer from the continental shelf to the deep basin, an array of five mooring lines equipped with a total of five pairs of PPS3/3 sequential-sampling sediment traps and RCM-7/8 current meters were deployed 30 m above the bottom from March 2003 to March 2004 inside and outside the Blanes Canyon. One mooring line was located in the upper canyon at 600 m depth, one in the canyon axis at 1700 m depth and other two close to the canyon walls at 900 m depth. A fifth mooring line was deployed in the continental open slope at 1500 m water depth.The highest near-bottom downward particle flux (14.50 g m⁻² d⁻¹) was recorded at the trap located in the upper canyon (M1), where continental inputs associated with the presence of the Tordera River are most relevant. On the other hand, the downward fluxes (4.35 g m⁻² d⁻¹) in the canyon axis (M2) were of the same order as those found in the western flank (M3) of the canyon. Both values were clearly higher than the value (1.95 g m⁻² d⁻¹) recorded at the eastern canyon wall (M4). The open slope (M5) mass flux (5.42 mg m⁻² d⁻¹) recorded by the sediment trap located outside the canyon system was three orders of magnitude lower than the other values registered by the inner canyon stations. The relevance of our data is that it explains how the transport pathway in the canyon occurs through its western flank, where a more active and persistent current toward the open ocean was recorded over the entire year of the experiment.Off-shelf sediment transport along the canyon axis showed clear differences during the period of the study, with some important events leading to strong intensifications of the current coupled with large transport of particle fluxes to the deepest parts of the canyon. Such events are primarily related to increases in river discharge and the occurrence of strong storms and cascading events during the winter.In summary, in this study it is shown that the dynamics of the water masses and the currents in the study area convert the sharp western flank of the Blanes Canyon in a more active region that favors erosion processes than the eastern flank, which has a smoother topography and where the absence of erosional conditions yields to steadier sedimentary processes.     

Ontogenetic and gender-modulated behavioural rhythms in the deep-water decapods Liocarcinus depurator (Brachyura: Portunidae), Munida tenuimana and Munida intermedia (Anomura: Galatheidae)

The regulation and expression of biological rhythms with respect to sex and ontogeny in deep-water benthic decapod crustaceans constitutes an exciting field in marine biology that is far from understood. Liocarcinus depurator , Munida intermedia and Munida tenuimana are ecologically key crustacean decapod species of the Atlantic and Mediterranean shelves and slopes, and their activity rhythms in the field are poorly known. Our aim was to measure the behavioural rhythms of these species, while at the same time defining their type of displacement ( i.e. endobenthic, nektobenthic or benthopelagic). Whether gender and ontogeny modulate the rhythmic behaviour of these decapods is unknown, and we sought to clarify this issue. A temporally scheduled series of trawl hauls and light intensity measures was performed on the western Mediterranean shelf (100–110 m depth) and slope (400–430 m), close to the autumn equinox and the summer solstice. The sex and the size of animals in the catches were analysed. Catch patterns were evaluated through waveform and periodogram analyses. Liocarcinus depurator was captured at night on the shelf, whereas on the slope, animals displayed peaks both in the middle of the day and night. Size-related differences (but no gender differences) were found in its rhythmic behaviour, possibly due to intra-specific competition ( e.g. fighting) between juveniles and adults. Munida intermedia were weakly diurnal in October and both diurnal and nocturnal in June. Munida tenuimana presented no discernible rhythmicity in October, but was nocturnal in June. Both species showed no evident sex or size modulation of their behaviour. Data were interpreted assuming that all tested species present an endobenthic behaviour ( i.e. animals emerge from the substrate during the active phase of their behavioural cycle).     

准噶尔盆地成藏动力学系统划分

本文在对成藏动力学系统的概念重新描述的基础上,选择经历了多旋回构造与沉积演化的准噶尔盆地进行成藏动力学系统划分。准噶尔盆地发育6套烃源岩、多套储集层、2套区域性盖层和数个局部盖层,它们构成6套生、储、盖组合。同时,钻井揭示盆地超压发育,结合测井与地震资料,将地层压力在垂向上划分为2个常压系统和3个超压系统。该盆地垂向通道众多,构造活动期流体上下连通性好,整体可划为一个复杂的成藏动力学系统。然而,断裂活动具幕式特征,相对盆地演化史,大部分时期处于静止封闭状态。因此,进一步将准噶尔盆地划分为6个成藏动力学子系统:①二叠系自源超压半封闭型成藏动力学子系统;②三叠系他源超压半封闭型成藏动力学子系统;③侏罗系混源超压半封闭型成藏动力学子系统;④白垩系—侏罗系混源常压开放型成藏动力学子系统;⑤古近系—白垩系混源超压封闭型成藏动力学子系统;⑥新近系他源常压开放型成藏动力学子系统。不同的子系统,成藏条件、成藏动力和成藏规律不同。     

Discovery and Significance of High CH4 Primary Fluid Inclusions in Reservoir Volcanic Rocks of the Songliao Basin, NE China

Comparing compositions of the fluid inclusions in volcanic rocks to the contents and isotopes of the gases in corresponding volcanic reservoirs using microthermometry, Raman microspectroscopy and mass spectrum analysis, we found that： （1） up to 82 mole% methane exists in the primary inclusions hosted in the reservoir volcanic rocks; （2） high CH4 inclusions recognized in the volcanic rocks correspond to CH4-bcaring CO2 reservoirs that are rich in helium and with a high ^3He/^4He ratio and which show reversed order of 813C in alkane; （3） in gas reservoirs of such abiotic methane （〉80%） and a mix of CH4 and CO2, the enclosed content of CH4 in the volcanic inclusions is usually below 42 mole%, and the reversed order of δ^13C in alkane is sometimes irregular in the corresponding gas pools; （4） a glassy inclusion with a homogeneous temperature over 900℃ also contains a small portion of CH4 although predominantly CO2. This affinity between gas pool and content of inclusion in the same volcanic reservoirs demonstrates that magma-originated gases, both CH4 and CO2, have contributed significantly to the corresponding gas pools and that the assumed hydrocarbon budget of the bulk earth might be much larger than conventionally supposed.