Application and discussion of statistical seismology in probabilistic seismic hazard assessment studies

Earthquakes are one of the natural disasters that pose a major threat to human lives and property. Earthquake prediction propels the construction and development of modern seismology;however, current deterministic earthquake prediction is limited by numerous difficulties. Identifying the temporal and spatial statistical characteristics of earthquake occurrences and constructing earthquake risk statistical prediction models have become significant;particularly for evaluating earthquake risks and addressing seismic planning requirements such as the design of cities and lifeline projects based on the obtained insight. Since the 21 st century, the occurrence of a series of strong earthquakes represented by the Wenchuan M8 earthquake in 2008 in certain low-risk prediction areas has caused seismologists to reflect on traditional seismic hazard assessment globally. This article briefly reviews the development of statistical seismology, emphatically analyzes the research results and existing problems of statistical seismology in seismic hazard assessment, and discusses the direction of its development. The analysis shows that the seismic hazard assessment based on modern earthquake catalogues in most regions should be effective. Particularly, the application of seismic hazard assessment based on ETAS(epidemic type aftershock sequence)should be the easiest and most effective method for the compilation of seismic hazard maps in large urban agglomeration areas and low seismic hazard areas with thick sedimentary zones.     

潮白河流域人工复合地层系统去除甲氧苄胺嘧啶的模拟研究

基于潮白河流域再生水的场地回灌,为提高抗生素甲氧苄氨嘧啶（TMP）的去除率,降低其进入地下水的风险,选用价格低廉对TMP有高效去除性能的黏土陶粒作为吸附剂,构建去除TMP的人工复合土柱。吸附实验研究结果显示黏土陶粒对TMP吸附容量达到151.824 μg/g,具有去除再生水中TMP能力;TMP在黏土陶粒解吸过程中存在解吸滞后性的现象。柱实验研究结果表明此人工复合土柱能够有效地去除再生水中TMP,去除率高于95%,其去除机制主要是吸附与生物降解协同作用。本研究建立的人工复合土层系统能有效地去除再生水中TMP,对实际场地回灌工程具有指导性作用。     

磁偶源频率测深视电阻率曲线的正演计算

磁偶源频率测深法是一种有效的地球物理勘探方法。多年来,人们对这种方法的正演理论和反演解释进行了研究。文中利用快速汉克尔数值滤波算法计算了层状介质上直立磁偶极子的电磁场响应以及频率测深视电阻率的振幅响应,这种计算方法与常用的数值积分算法相比,具有计算速度快、精度高等特点。同时详细地讨论了磁偶源频率测深的特点及视电阻率理论曲线的特征。     

湖南黄沙坪矽卡岩矿物学特征及地质意义

湘南黄沙坪多金属矿床位于南岭构造带中段北缘,属于矽卡岩型矿床。根据矽卡岩产出状态、矿物共生组合及岩相学特征,从早期到晚期可划分为矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段、早期硫化物阶段和晚期硫化物阶段。矽卡岩矿物主要为石榴石、辉石、符山石等;金属矿物主要为白钨矿、辉钼矿、磁铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿等。电子探针分析结果表明,石榴石为钙铝-钙铁榴石系列,从早期到晚期,石榴石具有由钙铝榴石逐渐向钙铁榴石演化的规律。且钙铁榴石普遍发育震荡环带,而环带结构可持续记录钙铁榴石物理化学条件演化的过程。同时两种石榴石中均含Sn的成分,但钙铁榴石中Sn的含量明显高于钙铝榴石。辉石为透辉石-钙铁辉石系列,而且由内接触带向外接触带,辉石中Fe和Mn的含量有逐渐升高的趋势。矽卡岩矿物学特征及矿物成分的变化表明,成矿流体至少经历了两次氧化还原性质的转变。矽卡岩矿物学特征,对W(Sn) Mo Bi等多金属的矿化具有重要的地质指示意义。     

全球冻融地区土壤是重要的N20释放源的综合分析

Ｎ２Ｏ是重要的温室气体之一，它是微生物硝化作用和脱氮化作用过程的产物。有多种释放源，其中土壤圈是重要的释放源之一。在影响Ｎ２Ｏ释放通量的诸多因素中温度是关键因素之一。本文根据土壤冻融加强有机质矿化作用，以及对微生物群体产生非生物应力的性质，结合冻融地区土壤和冻土带湿地所具有的特征，进行综合分析，论述冻融地区土壤是重要的Ｎ２Ｏ释放源。     

应用NOAA/AVHRR资料监测水稻长势的研究

该文利用1992～1996年NOAA/AVHRR资料,结合实测的地面农作物生长发育农学参数,系统地分析了沈阳市水稻移栽至收获整个本田期间遥感归一化植被指数（NDVI）的变化规律,进而达到对沈阳市水稻长势遥感动态监测的目的。     

非饱和土壤渗透的快速数值计算

给出非饱和土壤渗透计算求解理查兹方程的有限差分法。该计算值与实测值吻合较好。这个方法使用了水土势双曲正弦变换的隐式差分格式。砂土、壤土及粘土范围内的渗透过程在微机上几十秒钟内即可被模拟出来,其误差很小。非饱和土壤的渗透特性可以划分为地表积水前、地表积水后及退水过程三种类型。     

Nutrient uptake by mulberry and Chinese prickly ash associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Understanding how nutrient absorption processes in plants are related to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association is critical for predicting the effects of AM symbiosis on elemental cycling for plants. Both mulberry (Morus alba) and Chinese prickly ash (Zanthoxylum bungeanum) are AM-associated plants, widely distributed in southwest China. It was hypothesized that if the nutrient absorption processes were efficiently associated with AM symbiosis in both mulberry and Chinese prickly ash, foliar nutrient concentrations—especially calcium (Ca)—would be primarily determined by the soil conditions in different regions. To investigate this, AM colonization levels of soils, nutrient levels in soils and leaves, and δ¹³C values of leaves were analyzed for mulberry and Chinese prickly ash. In this study, spore density in soils with low pH was higher than that in soils with high pH. The average concentrations of sugar delivered to roots in both mulberry and Chinese prickly ash in soil with relatively low pH and soil extractable cations were higher than those in other areas. The values of foliar δ¹³C in both mulberry and Chinese prickly ash in low soil-pH and soil extractable cations were lower than those in contrast areas, indicating that water availability was impacted by soil characteristics. The efficiency in AM-mediated processes might play an important role in translocation between soil nutrients and plant tissue. The results suggest uptake and translocation of nutrients, especially Ca, in AM-associated plants may be affected by an efficiency of AM-mediated processes. Since Sr does not appear to be similarly affected, expressing Ca and other nutrient concentrations relative to Sr could be used to evaluate whether the uptake and translocation of Ca and other nutrients are affected by AM-mediated processes.     

水管倾斜仪观测干扰分析及维护

阐述延边地震台形变观测站水管倾斜仪观测常见干扰及仪器维护经验.通过对非映震干扰因素的进一步认识,提高前兆数字化观测数据分析预报水平,并为今后的仪器维护提供经验.     

利用Χ~2分布确定多元地球化学异常的方法

与单元素的概率格纸图解法相似，利用Ｘ２分布可直观地识别多元离群样品和进行多重总体分布。在研究多元地球化学异常时，首先运用Ｘ２分布图确定正常总体，然后确定多元正常总体的平均值向量、斜方差矩阵和马氏距离的背景上限值，最后利用这些正常总体的参数计算全域的马氏距离并圈定多元地球化学异常。