正循环机械回转钻孔灌注桩在卵石层中的应用

在粒径、密实度较大的卵石层采用正循环机械回转钻进行灌注桩施工,存在钻具类型、合理的泥浆比例和钻探工艺等问题。以西安绕城高速公路谢王立交桥桥桩基工程实践为例,探讨正循环机械回转钻孔灌注桩在卵石层施工工艺等问题。     

Formation of iron plaque on mangrove roots receiving wastewater and its role in immobilization of wastewater-borne pollutants

Iron (Fe) plaque formed on mangrove root increased with wastewater discharge, but the extent was species-specific. For Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Fe plaque concentration was 0.80 mg g(-1) root d.wt at Day 0 and increased to 4.59, 6.84 and 7.52 mg g(-1) at Day 75 in the fresh water control (FW), synthetic wastewater with pollutant concentrations five times of municipal sewage (5SW) and double of 5SW (10SW) treatments, respectively; the respective increases in Excoecaria agallocha were from 0.70 to 2.37, 10.73 and 13.21 mg g(-1). For Acanthus ilicifolius, similar increase was found in 5SW, but all of the plants were dead in 10SW at Day 75. The concentrations of heavy metals and phosphorus immobilized were positively correlated with the amounts of Fe plaque formed, but the regression coefficients varied among species. The performance of mangrove plants in wastewater treatments was related to the Fe plaque formed and its immobilized wastewater-borne pollutants.     

Comparative phylogeography of African rain forest trees: A review of genetic signatures of vegetation history in the Guineo-Congolian region

The biogeographic history of the African rain forests has been contentious. Phylogeography, the study of the geographic distribution of genetic lineages within species, can highlight the signatures of historical events affecting the demography and distribution of species (i.e. population fragmentation or size changes, range expansion/contraction) and, thereby, the ecosystems they belong to. The accumulation of recent data for African rain forests now enables a first biogeographic synthesis for the region. In this review, we explain which phylogeographic patterns are expected under different scenarios of past demographic change, and we give an overview of the patterns detected in African rain forest trees to discuss whether they support alternative hypotheses regarding the history of the African rain forest cover. The major genetic discontinuities in the region support the role of refugia during climatic oscillations, though not necessarily following the classically proposed scenarios. We identify in particular a genetic split between the North and the South of the Lower Guinean region. Finally we provide some perspectives for future study.     

库车坳陷下侏罗统沉积特征及砂体展布

库车坳陷位于塔里木盆地北部，北缘是南天山山前断裂带，南缘是塔北隆起，呈NEE向展布，东西长250km，南北宽20－60km，面积约21170km^2。下侏罗统自下而上发育阿合组、阳霞组。对吐格尔明、克孜勒努尔、库车河剖面及依南2井岩芯观察发现，阿合组和阳霞组按其岩性特征均可以划分为5个岩性段，各个岩性段在全具有对比性。还可分出4类和17个亚类岩相。阿合组细砂岩以上的粗碎屑岩含量为80％以上；阳霞组细砂岩以上的碎屑岩含量为50％－60％。砂岩厚度占总地层厚度的50％－60％以上，是油气勘探的重要目的层系。以吐格尔明剖面为代表的依南2井以东地区的阿合组和阳霞组岩矿特征基本相似，以克孜勒努尔地区为代表的依南2井以西地区有较大差异，即阳霞组长石含量几乎为零。两区共同点是以岩屑砂岩为主，成分成熟度低，结构成熟度中等，岩屑含量较高。从岩性组合、沉积构造、微观岩石成分、结构和砂体形态等方面的综合分析认为，辫状三角洲沉积体系是该区阿合组和阳霞组的主要沉积体系。阿合组砂体纵向上以多个辫状三角洲平原上的辫状分流河道砂岩加积复合为主，横向上指状镶嵌叠置呈东西向展布。阳霞组第3岩性段砂体纵向上以多个辫状三角洲前缘上的水下辫状分流河道砂岩加积复合为主，横向上指状镶嵌叠置也呈东西向展布。第2、4、5岩性段砂体以河道滞流砂岩侧砂为主，横向叠瓦状叠置呈东西向展布。     

洞庭湖古湖滨砾石层的发现及意义

洞庭湖曾经是中国第一大淡水湖,解放初期湖泊面积为4350km^2,如今仅有2691km^2.由于洞庭湖承纳“四水”,吞吐长江,是长江中游最重要的调蓄洪湖泊,其变化直接影响到长江中游的防洪和生态环境.因此,洞庭湖的演化一直为学术界所关注.     

Exfoliation of kaolinite by urea-intercalation precursor and microwave irradiation assistance process

A type of exfoliated kaolinite was produced by urea-intercalation and original microwave irradiation assisted method. The product was investigated by Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and laser particle analysis techniques. FT-IR spectra show that NHCO molecule exists in the intercalated kaolinite. XRD analyses indicate that the kaolinite sheet-like structure was disordered after microwave irradiation. The urea decomposition process and explosion effect between the sheet-like structures of kaolinite under microwave irradiation were discussed. The SEM and BET analyses reveal that the end product is exfoliated kaolinite with thin particles and increased surface area. Size and zeta potential analyses show that the particle size distribution is between 250 nm and 550 nm with normal distribution and the particle is negatively charged. In comparison with the conventional grind method, the process adopted appears to be economic and the exfoliated kaolinite end product may display a significantly enhanced performance in industrial applications.     

融合多源数据的古城构件模型库三维重建方法

针对传统建模方式在古城复原过程中存在偏离历史原貌以及建模工作繁杂冗余等问题,为最大程度上复原古城历史原貌,该文基于多种来源数据的协同处理,对古城三维信息进行有效的挖掘、整理和数字化,分析古城建筑特征,从古城建筑群中抽象出建筑局部构件,采用CityEngine规则建模的方式,构建出古城构件规则模型库,通过对模型库中各构件的调用与拼接,实现大场景下的批量三维建模工作.该文以赣州古宋城为例,运用此方法完成了古宋城的三维数字化重建,实验表明,该方法在真实还原大场景三维模型工作中具有显著优势.     

“云上贵州”平台下的市县国土资源信息整合实践与思考——以遵义市为例

“云上贵州”平台应用正在向市县国土资源部门延伸,贵州省“国土资源云”与贵州省“政务云”的横向信息资源整合进入实质性阶段,国土资源政务信息资源如何与当地政府信息资源整合,成为市县国土资源信息化面临的新课题.本文以遵义市为例,利用“云上贵州”平台信息资源整合的契机,实现市县国土政务信息资源跨部门、跨行业、跨平台的共享协同,逐步消除“信息孤岛”,促进国土资源决策科学化、监管精准化、服务便利化.     

神农架林区西南坡局地暴雨过程诊断分析

神农架林区西南坡为局地暴雨灾害多发区。利用常规资料、多普勒雷达资料和区域自动站资料,分析了导致神农架林区西南坡2014年8月6日至7日夜间连续两场短时暴雨过程中MCS发生发展的天气背景及结构特征,并探讨了神农架山区复杂地形构造对西南坡暴雨的增幅作用。结果表明:1)中高层天气系统强迫弱时,副高边缘地面暖低压倒槽及850 h Pa气旋性弯曲区与辐合的发生发展可能是造成这类局地强降水天气的触发系统,地面弱冷空气的入侵有利于降水的维持和加强。2)两次局地暴雨过程均是由中β尺度对流系统影响产生的,降水历时短、强度大,雨区移动呈现局地性,具有明显的中尺度强对流系统特征,分别属前导层状云与尾随层状云中尺度对流系统型。3)第一场暴雨过程以对流降水为主,回波较强;第二场暴雨过程回波质心低且层状云特征比较突出,但维持时间相对较长,降水效率更高。4)神农架西南坡坡度大,海拔高度高,地形的动力抬升和辐合作用促使上升运动加强,地形强迫抬升作用显著不仅对局地对流触发、降水增幅有重要作用,而且会影响中尺度对流系统结构,这可能是神农架林区西南坡暴雨高发的重要原因。     

水上钻孔灌注桩施工工艺

水上钻孔灌注桩施工应根据水底地质地貌情况，解决好护筒的选型、止漏、埋设、吊拔以及水中桩身的保护。