Apatite inclusions in natural diamond coat

Electron microscopic techniques have been applied to investigate the composition and structure of the non-diamond particles, of submicrometre dimensions, that profusely populate the coat of natural coated diamonds. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis (EDS) has shown phosphorus to be commonly present in this included matter, and in the case of some individual crystallites calcium and phosphorus have been the only elements detected with atomic number greater than 11 (the minimum atomic number detectable in the experiments). The latter inclusions exhibit hexagonal prismatic facets and their electron diffraction pattern corresponds to the apatite structure. Approximate lattice parameter values found were c/a=0.73 with a=9.5 Å.     

Inequality of eddy transfer coefficients for vertical transport of sensible and latent heats during advective inversions

Similarity of transport of water vapour and sensible heat was investigated within an advective inversion layer by measuring eddy fluxes together with gradients of temperature and humidity. The experimental site was a field of rice, grown under flood irrigation, which was situated in a semi-arid region. The fetch was about 300 m and local stabilities (z/L) over the rice ranged from 0 to 0.1. Results were expressed as the ratio of eddy transfer coefficients for sensible heat (K _H) and water vapour (K _w). Near neutral stability, K _H/K_W approached 1, but the ratio decreased to about 0.65 with increasing stability. Existing theory predicts the result qualitatively but accounts for only about one fifth of the decrease in K _H/K_W with stability.     

Ecological aspects of fin whale and humpback whale distribution during summer in the Norwegian Sea

The Norwegian Sea is a migration and feeding ground for fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) and humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in summer. During the last decade, significant structural changes in the prey community, including northerly expansion and movement in the distribution of pelagic fish species, have been reported from this ecosystem. However, little information on whale feeding ecology exists in the Norwegian Sea and surrounding waters. A total of 59 fin whales and 48 humpback whales were sighted during 864 h of observation over an observation distance of about 8200 nmi (15,200 km) in the Norwegian Sea from 15 July to 6 August 2006 and 2007. The fin whale group size, as mean (±SD), varied between one and five individuals (2.1 ± 1.2 ind.) and humpback whale group size varied between one and six individuals (2.5 ± 1.7 ind.). Fin‐ and humpback whales were observed mainly in the northern part of the study area, and were only found correlated with the presence of macro‐zooplankton in cold Arctic water. Humpback whales were not correlated with the occurrence of adult Norwegian spring‐spawning herring (Clupea harengus) except for the northernmost areas. Despite changes in the whale prey communities in the Norwegian Sea, no apparent changes in fin‐ or humpback whale distribution pattern could be found in our study compared to their observed summer distribution 10–15 years ago.     

西山村滑坡时序形变的SBAS-InSAR监测

针对传统地表形变监测技术在我国西南山区深厚堆积层滑坡体形变监测中存在的时空分辨率问题,该文利用72景时序Sentinel-1A TOPS SAR影像,基于短基线集(SBAS-InSAR)技术获取2016—2019年四川理县通化乡西山村滑坡的时序形变特征。结果表明:西山村滑坡整体呈近线性沉降的运动趋势,在监测时段内未出现加速现象,处于长期活跃的蠕动形变。其时序形变结果呈现较为均匀的变化,与坡体形态吻合度较高,雷达视线方向的累计形变量在-315.2~20 mm之间变化,形变速率在-116~9.5 mm/a之间变化。时序形变结果表明:最严重的形变区域位于水田寨村组与马崩渔湾村组的交界处,其次是坡体中下部的水田寨村组,坡体后部的拉海拉湾村组的形变程度最小。     

船基围隔条件下沙尘和营养盐添加对近海浮游植物群落结构的影响

为研究沙尘沉降和营养盐输入对中国陆架海域浮游植物群落结构的影响,于2017年3—4月在中国黄、东海进行沙尘和不同营养盐(NO^-₃、PO^-₄、尿素)添加的船基围隔培养实验。结果表明,与对照组相比,沙尘(2 mg/L)和尿素添加实验组的浮游植物群落细胞密度及群落结构变化不显著,叶绿素a含量差异不显著,优势种均为海链藻属 (Thalassiosira)。不同比值的氮、磷无机营养盐添加对水体中叶绿素a含量和细胞密度的影响不同,其中氮磷比为64∶1的实验组叶绿素a含量和细胞密度最高,分别为18.20 μg/L和7.86×10⁵cells/L。沙尘和营养盐添加对浮游植物群落的影响主要表现为叶绿素a含量、细胞密度峰值及不同优势种所占比例的差异,而各个实验组的种类组成及优势种具有一定的相似性。