Pseudo‐dynamic tests of a full‐scale CFT/BRB frame—Part I: Specimen design,experiment and analysis

A series of pseudo‐dynamic tests (PDTs) of a full‐scale 3‐story 3‐bay buckling‐restrained braced frame (BRBF) using concrete‐filled tube columns was tested in the Taiwan National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering using networked PDT techniques in October 2003. During the tests, real‐time experimental responses and video were webcasted to Internet viewers. The input ground motions adopted for the PDTs were chosen from the 1999 Chi‐Chi and the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquakes and scaled to represent three seismic hazard levels. This paper is in two parts, focusing on the investigations of the overall structure and the local members. This paper constitutes Part I and discusses the design, analytical investigations, and key experimental results of the specimen frame, such as the buckling of the brace‐to‐gusset joints. Part II of the paper, the companion paper, describes the gusset stiffening schemes and detailed experimental behavior of the BRBs and their connections. Experimental peak inter‐story drifts of 0.019 and 0.023 radians, prescribed for the design basis and the maximum credible earthquakes, respectively, are within the target design limits of 0.020 and 0.025 radians. These tests confirmed that the PISA3D and OpenSees nonlinear structural analysis computer programs can simulate the experimental peak shears and floor displacements well. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地下高压气体对汶川地震灾害的作用分析

通过对2008年5月28日汶川M8.0级地震后滑坡和堰塞湖的形成和分布特征,以及震后地下喷发物和灾害形成与分布特征的考察,结合龙门山地区侏罗纪前的海洋环境和现今龙门山前川西坳陷存在大量圈闭构造和地下3km的巨厚底层含大量异常高压天然气体这一结构特征分析,发现地下异常高压气体在地震时高速膨胀,在地下裂隙和断层等面状通道快速剪开底层涌出,造成岩体飞移、流动和扩散是产生灾害的重要因素。     

对2010年6月5日太原阳曲4.6级地震发震断裂的判定

2010年6月5日20时58分,山西省太原市阳曲县发生4.6级地震,太原附近城市震感明显。从这次地震的等震线图、余震分布特征、震源机制解入手,采用排查法,对震中区附近的主要活动断裂进行了逐个排查分析。最终判定交城断裂带北段的石岭关南缘断裂为本次地震的发震断裂。     

口泉断裂口泉村段断裂特征研究

口泉断裂是大同盆地西缘的主控边界断裂,本文采用野外地质调查、布设地震钻孔、浅层人工地震勘探、电阻率CT法勘探和探槽开挖的手段,对该断裂在口泉村段的断裂特征进行了分析。     

声电效应在隧道地震波场物理模拟实验中的应用

介绍了声电效应的物理基础和利用声电效应进行隧道地震波场物理模拟的可行性研究.基于制作的人工冻砂半空间隧道物理模型和虚拟仪器技术的同一观测平台的声声观测方法与声电观测方法,采用不同的观测排列分别采集了声声直达信号、声声反射信号、声电直达信号、声电反射信号.应用时域分析和频域分析技术对所采集信号进行处理,分离出来自反射界面的纵横波直达声信号、纵横波反射声信号和纵横波直达声电转换信号、纵横渡声电转换反射信号.研究结果表明,相对于声声信号,声电信号采集受固有频率限制小,频谱明显拓宽,时间波列大为缩短,信号分辨率提高,有效的克服了窄带声传感器对隧道地震波场信号采集的影响.此外,由于声电观测中的采用电极接受,电极直径一般为2～3 mm,尺度远远小于声传感器,极大改善了声声观测中由于大尺度换能器带来的模型尺度、耦合性能等诸多方面的困难,增强了隧道地震波场物理模型观测精度.     

从风险社会理论视角看全国地震重点监视防御区制度的作用

Earthquake disaster risk,as a typical social disaster risk,is one of the most important risks in modern Chinese society.This study gives definitions of the institution,describes the formation history,the connotations and development and analyzes its role in the control of major social risks caused by earthquakes.Finally,the paper presents recommendations for continuous improvement of this institution under the guidance of risk society theory,and for its application to the government reform and social governance.     

基于多源遥感数据的辽东湾北部海岸线变化监测与分析

应用遥感技术,从海岸线长度和曲度两个方面分析辽东湾北部海岸线变化,研究区域海岸线变化规律和趋势.选用美国陆地卫星（Landsat）的MSS、TM、ETM+系列数据,法国SPOT/4-5系列数据和国产陆地卫星ZY-1 02C数据等多源遥感数据,通过人工目视解译和计算机信息自动提取结合的方法,监测了自1973~2012年辽东湾北部海岸线变化情况.研究表明,辽东湾北部海岸线长度和曲度均呈增加趋势,尤其是1997年以后,为快速增加时期,其中中段岸线增速最快,西段岸线次之,东段岸线居尾.人为因素是辽东湾北部海岸线变化主要驱动力.     

甘肃省气温与降水变化趋势及其对主要流域径流量的影响

基于气温和降水格点资料及水文站年径流量数据,对甘肃省不同区域气候变化趋势及其与径流量的关系进行了分析。结果显示:1961-2011年,甘肃省大部地区气温呈显著升高趋势(p<0.05),而降水量则在乌鞘岭东西两侧地区存在明显的反向变化趋势。气温和降水的变化趋势对不同区域径流量起不同作用。过去51年来,在乌鞘岭以西地区,受河源区降水量增加的影响,黑河与疏勒河流域径流量有增加趋势;在乌鞘岭以东地区,由于降水量减少及气温升高,区域河流径流量以减少趋势为主。虽然气温和降水对径流量均有影响,但降水与径流量的关系更为密切。然而从长时间尺度来看,虽然甘肃省区域平均降水量无明显减少趋势,但径流量仍呈现减少趋势,可能与气温持续上升趋势带来的蒸发增强、水分损耗增加等因素有关。     

High-resolution subgrid models: background,grid generation,and implementation

The basic idea of subgrid models is the use of available high-resolution bathymetric data at subgrid level in computations that are performed on relatively coarse grids allowing large time steps. For that purpose, an algorithm that correctly represents the precise mass balance in regions where wetting and drying occur was derived by Casulli (Int J Numer Method Fluids 60:391–408, 2009) and Casulli and Stelling (Int J Numer Method Fluids 67:441–449, 2010). Computational grid cells are permitted to be wet, partially wet, or dry, and no drying threshold is needed. Based on the subgrid technique, practical applications involving various scenarios were implemented including an operational forecast model for water level, salinity, and temperature of the Elbe Estuary in Germany. The grid generation procedure allows a detailed boundary fitting at subgrid level. The computational grid is made of flow-aligned quadrilaterals including few triangles where necessary. User-defined grid subdivision at subgrid level allows a correct representation of the volume up to measurement accuracy. Bottom friction requires a particular treatment. Based on the conveyance approach, an appropriate empirical correction was worked out. The aforementioned features make the subgrid technique very efficient, robust, and accurate. Comparison of predicted water levels with the comparatively highly resolved classical unstructured grid model shows very good agreement. The speedup in computational performance due to the use of the subgrid technique is about a factor of 20. A typical daily forecast can be carried out in less than 10 min on a standard PC-like hardware. The subgrid technique is therefore a promising framework to perform accurate temporal and spatial large-scale simulations of coastal and estuarine flow and transport processes at low computational cost.