不同氮、磷浓度对布氏双尾藻休眠孢子形成的影响

有些海洋硅藻在不良的环境下会形成休眠孢子,这种过程与环境中的氮、磷浓度密切相关。本文研究了培养基中不同氮、磷浓度下布氏双尾藻(Ditylum brightwellii)休眠孢子的形成过程。结果表明:氮浓度在27μmol/L以下时即可形成休眠孢子,且培养基中氮初始浓度越低,休眠孢子出现得越早;单因子变量为磷浓度时,各组均在第3天形成休眠孢子,且培养基中磷浓度变化不大,其中磷浓度较高(50μmol/L)时,培养基中休眠孢子的密度和形成率均明显高于磷浓度较低的培养基(20μmol/L和10μmol/L)。低氮高磷(氮:20μmol/L,磷:50μmol/L)组休眠孢子密度和形成率在四组中最高,说明布氏双尾藻休眠孢子的形成受氮、磷两种因子的共同影响。     

Formation and Replacement Mechanism of the Concentric Eyewall of Super Typhoon Muifa (1109)

Based on high-fidelity numerical simulation by using the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model, we analyzed the formation and replacement mechanism of the concentric eyewall of Super Typhoon Muifa (1109) from the aspects of the potential vorticity (PV), dynamic/ thermodynamic structure change, sea surface flux, and water vapor content. Observational data and sensitivity tests were also adopted to verify the results. We found that: (1) The abnormal increase of the PV in the rain zone is mainly due to the condensation latent heat. Sufficient water vapor conditions are beneficial to the formation of the outer eyewall structure, and when the environmental water vapor content is larger, the intensity of the outer eyewall becomes greater. (2) After the formation of the typhoon’s outer eyewall, in the area where the outer eyewall is located, the increase of inertial stability contributes to the decrease of the intensity of the inner eyewall. When the intensity of the outer eyewall is larger, the divergence and subsidence motion in the upper layer of the outer eyewall has a greater weakening effect on the intensity of the inner eyewall. (3) The increase of potential temperature of the outer eyewall is mainly due to the condensation latent heat release and the warming of dry air subsidence motion in the moat area. (4) The increase of sea surface heat flux can prolong the concentric eyewall replacement process.     

Dietary Analysis of Marine Fish Species: Enhancing the Detection of Prey-Specific DNA Sequences via High-Throughput Sequencing Using Blocking Primers

Dietary studies of fish can enhance our understanding of predator-prey interactions and provide important insights into complex marine food webs. In this study, we performed dietary analyses of three commercially important fish species in South China: Acanthopagrus latus, Pampus argenteus, and Scomberomorus commerson. Two distinct fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (mtCOI) gene, a small (130 bp) and large (300 bp) amplicon, were amplified from the DNA extracted from the gut contents in the presence of blocking primers designed to inhibit the amplification of predator-specific DNA. The amplicons from each predator species were tagged with a unique indexing bar code and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Our results showed that the three fish species consumed a wide variety of prey, including jellyfish, copepods, crustaceans, and fish. Seasonal variations in prey composition and species-selective predation were observed. Our approach of combining next-generation sequencing with blocking primers greatly enhanced the speed and resolution of the dietary analyses in marine fishes and could provide novel insights into marine ecosystems.     

Study of diclofenac removal by the application of combined zero-valent iron and calcium peroxide nanoparticles in groundwater

Diclofenac(DCF) is one of the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in groundwater, posing a great threat to the environment and human health due to its toxicity. To mitigate the DCF contamination,experiments on DCF degradation by the combined process of zero-valent iron nanoparticles(nZVI) and nano calcium peroxide(nCaO_2) were performed. A batch experiment was conducted to examine the influence of the adding dosages of both nZVI and nCaO_2 nanoparticles and pH value on the DCF removal.In the meantime, the continuous-flow experiment was done to explore the sustainability of the DCF degradation by jointly adding nZVI/nCaO_2 nanoparticles in the reaction system. The results show that the nZVI/nCaO_2 can effectively remove the DCF in the batch test with only 0.05 g/L nZVI and 0.2 g/L nCaO_2 added, resulting in a removal rate of greater than 90% in a 2-hour reaction with an initial pH of 5. The degradation rate of DCF was positively correlated with the dosage of nCaO_2, and negatively correlated with both nZVI dosage and the initial pH value. The order of significance of the three factors is identified as pH value nZVI dosage nCaO_2 dosage. In the continuous-flow reaction system, the DCF removal rates remained above 75% within 150 minutes at the pH of 5, with the applied dosages of 0.5 g/L for nZVI and 1.0 g/L for nCaO_2. These results provide a theoretical basis for the nZVI/nCaO_2 application to remove DCF in groundwater.     

Symmetry reduction and exact solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional Zakharovben Kuznetsov equation

By means of the classical method, we investigate the (3+1)-dimensional Zakharov--Kuznetsov equation. The symmetry group of the (3+1)-dimensional Zakharov--Kuznetsov equation is studied first and the theorem of group invariant solutions is constructed. Then using the associated vector fields of the obtained symmetry, we give the one-, two-, and three-parameter optimal systems of group-invariant solutions. Based on the optimal system, we derive the reductions and some new solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional Zakharov--Kuznetsov equation.     

贵州省空气污染过程的大气环流特征及分型研究

该文通过分析2015—2017年贵州省9次空气污染过程的平均大气环流特征及500 hPa大气环流EOF分型结果,综合探讨了贵州省发生空气污染过程时的高空环流、低空水平输送、垂直结构和逆温等特征以及热力和动力因子的贡献情况。结果表明,贵州省发生空气污染过程时,常伴有低空逆温出现,500 hPa高度距平场分型结果主要呈纬向环流型和两槽一脊型环流形势。对EOF第1模态中持续时间较长、污染较重的2次典型污染过程的低空逆温、风切变和垂直速度等进行深入分析发现,2次典型空气污染过程中,在水平方向上地面风场处于风速辐合区,大气层结较稳定,不利于污染物的水平扩散;在垂直方向上低层风垂直切变较弱,对流上升运动也较弱,不利于污染物的垂直扩散。从热力条件和动力条件上来看,在第1次空气污染过程中动力条件的正贡献占主导作用,而第2次空气污染过程中热力条件和动力条件均是正贡献。     

尘埃消光对伽玛射线暴余辉的影响

为了研究尘埃消光对伽玛射线暴余辉的影响,基于严格的Mie理论和最新的星际尘埃光学性质,进行了高精度的数值计算,并分析具有不同物理参数的尘埃所产生的消光曲线.结果表明,介质密度和金属丰度是决定消光总量的主要物理参数,而尘埃颗粒大小的分布则是产生不同消光曲线轮廓的重要物理参数.如果尘埃颗粒相互聚集形成导致尺度增大,将产生较平或者较灰的消光曲线,同时绝对总量将减少;相反,如果尘埃颗粒由于某种原因发生离解导致尺度变小,将产生较陡的消光曲线,同时消光总量将增加.这些结果将对理解光学暗暴的形成机制提供重要的启示.     

Effect of Dust Extinction on Gamma-ray Burst Afterglows

In order to study the effect of dust extinction on the afterglow of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), we carry out numerical calculations with high precision based on the rigorous Mie theory and the latest optical properties of interstellar dust grains, and analyze the different extinction curves produced by dust grains with different physical parameters. Our results indicate that the absolute extinction quantity is substantially determined by the medium density and metallicity. However, the shape of the extinction curve is mainly determined by the size distribution of the dust grains. If the dust grains aggregate to form larger ones, they will cause a flatter or grayer extinction curve with lower extinction quantity. On the contrary, if the dust grains are disassociated to smaller ones due to some uncertain processes, they will cause a steeper extinction curve with larger amount of extinction. These results might provide an important insight into understanding the origin of the optically dark GRBs.     

陕西省气象科学共享数据集的制作及处理

陕西省气象科学数据共享系统是中国气象科学数据共享服务网的区域级和省级物理节点之一,按照中国气象局“气象资料共享管理办法”要求和数据共享策略,通过网络在线和离线方式对社会开展数据共享服务。