自然资源要素综合观测体系运维模式及保障体系构建

为实现自然资源要素综合观测体系的长期稳定运行并确保观测数据的科学性和准确性,建立一套适合综合观测体系的运维模式和保障体系意义重大。在分析国内外观测站网运维模式和保障经验的基础上,结合自然资源要素综合观测试点站网的建设、运营情况,提出了领导层+业务执行层+咨询层的运维模式,以及由经费保障、通信网络保障、基建装备保障、数据质量控制保障、野外观测台站日常管理与制度及人才队伍保障构成的自然资源要素综合观测保障体系框架。构建的运维模式层级清晰、职责明确,保障体系框架涵盖面广、重点突出,基本能满足自然资源要素综合观测体系长期、稳定、连续运行和定位观测的运维保障需求。     

都龙锡锌多金属矿床稀土元素地球化学特征及指示意义

都龙锡锌多金属矿床属于滇东南有色金属矿产带的重要组成部分,主要矿石类型为锡石硫化物—矽卡岩型,化学成分和矿物组合比较复杂,具有多期成矿的特点。为了进一步了解矿区成岩成矿过程,本文对该区花岗岩、大理岩、矽卡岩、矿石和片岩的稀土元素特征进行了系统研究,结果表明：区内花岗岩属于地壳硅铝层部分熔融进而通过结晶分异作用形成的复式花岗岩,成矿物质来源于地壳深部岩浆;各元素特征和稀土元素变异图表明矿石和矽卡岩、花岗岩具有同源性;矿石具Eu正异常,其反映成矿过程中有高温流体的参与,形成于氧化环境。     

江苏姜堰孔隙承压地下水资源评价三维数值模拟

通过建立符合该地区承压地下水赋存条件和渗流特征的地下水三维数值模型,并在模型识别、验证的基础上,根据各承压含水层的水位控制要求,调整现有地下水的开采布局,以乡镇为单位,确定出各含水层的地下水可开采资源量及最优开采布局,并预测2011—2020年底逐年地下水水位动态变化情况。     

基于RFID电子标签的气象装备库管理

根据我国气象装备库业务管理现状,结合RFID电子标签技术,开展气象装备库现代化管理的研究。通过对RFID电子标签构成和工作原理的研究认识,设计一套基于电子标签技术的气象装备库管理系统,介绍该系统各部分组成和信息流程,重点介绍气象装备信息录入硬件子系统设计及其工作原理。归纳总结出RFID电子标签技术给气象装备库管理带来的改进,并对该技术应用在气象装备库管理中将发挥的作用和效益进行展望。     

Evaluation of nitrate source in surface water of southwestern China based on stable isotopes

Stable isotope tracing and analysis play an important role in interpretation of hydrological and ecological processes at the watershed scale and can provide information regarding the flow path, water source, nutrient loss and biogeochemical cycles of a system. In this study, environmental isotopes (δ¹⁸O-H₂O, δD, δ¹⁵N-NO₃ ^?, δ¹⁸O-NO₃ ^?) and chemical compositions of surface water in Guizhou Province, China, were measured to evaluate the primary sources of nitrate and characterize the processes affecting nitrate as well as its correlation with vegetation cover in karstic areas. The δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O-NO₃ ^? levels ranged from +1.3 to +9.8 ‰ and +4.7 to +16.9 ‰, respectively, which indicated that nitrate in water from the investigated area primarily originated from nitrification of soil organic matter during the sampling period. There was also a wide range of isotopes in the water and high contents of nitrate in karstic areas with poor vegetation cover, indicating that water and nutrient loss were serious problems hindering plant growth in the study areas. For example, there was a positive relationship between isotopic composition and nitrate content in the natural forest and negative relationship in Libo County nearby, which suggested that the nitrate fate was affected by land use and human disturbance.     

Impact of Preboreal to Subatlantic shifts in climate on groundwater resources on the Arabian Peninsula

A large-scale numerical flow and transport model was developed for the central-eastern arid part of the Arabian Peninsula. The model was applied to a region with freshwater resources dating back to more humid periods of the past, which are faced with overexploitation today. Model inflow was based on infiltration around wadi beds and groundwater recharge. Inflow was balanced by natural outflows, such as evaporation from sabkhas, spring discharge, and discharge to the sea. Two models were developed: (1) a short-term present-day model to estimate effective model parameters, and (2) a long-term model to study the development of the groundwater resources during the Mid- and Late Holocene and the natural response of the groundwater system to changes in climate. Hydraulic model parameters (hydraulic conductivity and specific storage) were assigned with respect to geological structures. Hydraulic parameters were estimated with an inverse PEST model by calibrating against observed depression cones cause by groundwater abstraction. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that estimated model parameters were associated with a high uncertainty at a certain distance from agricultural areas when calibration data were lacking. A long-term model starting 10,000 years BP was calibrated by spring discharge and palaeo-groundwater levels and validated using measured ¹⁴C groundwater ages. The long-model predicted that groundwater levels adapted in response to changes in precipitation. During the Mid-Holocene, which was characterized by an intensification of the monsoon season, groundwater levels increased by 10 m on the mainland within the shallow aquifers and adapted quickly to higher recharge rates. The deeper aquifers were less affected by changes in climate. Along the present-day coastline, the groundwater level rose by about 25 m due to the declined sea level in the Mid-Holocene. During this period, surface run-off was possible as groundwater levels temporarily reached the ground surface. The natural groundwater budget reacted sensitively to changes in climate. Between 10 and 3 ka, groundwater storage occurred. During the Late Holocene, at 3 ka, natural depletion of the groundwater system began, which still prevails today.     

The influence of methane, acetylene and carbon dioxide on the crystallization of supercooled ethane droplets in Titan's clouds

Spectroscopic studies of the homogeneous and heterogeneous crystallization of supercooled ethane aerosol droplets performed under conditions representative of those in Titan's lower atmosphere are presented. Pure ethane aerosols and both internally- and externally-mixed ensembles of ethane/acetylene and ethane/carbon dioxide aerosols were generated in a bath gas cooling cell and their freezing dynamics monitored using infrared absorption spectroscopy. A detailed overview of the spectroscopic signatures of pure ethane and mixed ethane/acetylene and ethane/carbon dioxide aerosols and their phase-dependence is provided. The ice-nucleating efficiencies of acetylene and carbon dioxide aerosols were compared, as were the efficiencies of freezing via an immersion or contact freezing mechanism. The spectral data provided will be of significant use for remote sensing applications, while the nucleation studies have important consequences for models of Titan's ethane clouds.     

Radio Observation of the 11-Month Fermi-AGN at Urumqi Observatory

We carry out flux observation at 5 GHz for 124 sources from the ‘clean’ sample of Fermi catalog 1LAC (The First LAT AGN Catalog) with Urumqi 25 m telescope. We find that it is obvious that there is a correlation between the γ-ray and the radio flux density for blazars. For the subclasses, the correlation for FSRQs is strong, but the correlation for BL Lacs is weak.     

Variability of GPS Radio Sources at 5 GHz

We carry out flux monitoring on a sample of 169 Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum (GPS) radio sources at 5 GHz and find that about one-third of them show considerable Inter-Month Variability (IMV), and these IMV phenomena are likely to be caused by interstellar scintillation (ISS). Furthermore, we find that those showing IMV tend to be point-like or core-jet structures at VLBI scale.