Holocene East Asian monsoon variation inferred from species assemblage and shell chemistry of the ostracodes from Hulun Lake, Inner Mongolia

A sediment core from Hulun Lake, Inner Mongolia was analyzed for species assemblages and shell chemistry of ostracodes to investigate changes in the hydrology and climate of the East Asian summer monsoon margin during the Holocene. Darwinula stevensoni was abundant, Ilyocypris spp. scarce, littoral ostracodes absent and Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and δ¹⁸O were low 11,100 to 8300 yr ago, indicating high lake levels and cool/fresh waters. Darwinula stevensoni declined largely, Ilyocypris spp. throve, littoral ostracodes were rare and chemical indicators remained in low values 8300 to 6200 yr ago, suggesting that the lake continued high stands but water became warm. The lake then contracted and water became cool/brackish 6200 to 4300 yr ago. Littoral ostracodes flourished 4300 to 3350 yr ago, marking the lowest lake levels of the entire Holocene. The lake level recovered and water salinity decreased 3350 to 1900 yr ago. From 1900 to 500 yr ago, the lake maintained the preceding status albeit lowered stands and increased salinities 1100 to 800 yr ago. During the recent 500 yr, the lake expanded and water salinity decreased. The data imply that the East Asian summer monsoon did not intensify until 8300 yr ago and weakened dramatically 4300 to 3350 yr ago.     

桦甸市八家子金矿床地质特征及找矿方向

通过对八家子金矿床的成矿背景、矿体的空间赋存规律及矿化特征的分析,认为八家子金矿床的成因与北东向构造及正长斑岩关系密切,并指出了本区的找矿方向。     

Citizen participation in urban planning: Planner attitudes,administrative frameworks

The results of a longitudinal attitude survey of British and American planning officials towards the concept of citizen participation are reported. Particular attention is given to their expressed preference for a locally controlled system for organizing citizen participation framework is outlined that has emerged from recent US practice and that meets the expressed requirements of the planning officials.     

The interpretation of the spectral line intensities from the CHASE spectrometer on Spacelab 2

In this paper we analyse the solar spectral intensities observed with the CHASE grazing incidence telescope and spectrometer flown on NASA's Spacelab 2 Mission in 1985. Our main purpose has been to investigate the sources of error that arise in the application of the differential emission measure technique used to analyse such data. We suggest methods by which these sources of error may be investigated.     

An algorithm for the quality checking of wind speeds measured at sea against measured wave spectral energy

The purpose of this study is to provide a quality-checking tool for the evaluation of wind-wave data from buoys deployed by the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC). In particular, an algorithm is sought that will compare measured wind speed with spectral data in a chosen range. In the past, anemometers have been known to fail without failing completely, returning data that are bad, but not obviously bad. The aim here is to provide an automated test that will flag such data, as well as detecting certain malfunctions of the wave-measuring system. Towards this end, large quantities of data are studied and several approaches to the problem are described before an algorithm is finally recommended. The algorithm takes account of physical properties of the ocean (as observed from this data set) as well as the statistical relationships determined between wind speed and wave energy. The implementation and testing of the algorithm are described.     

Laboratory simulation of cometary dust collection and analysis

An experiment for the in situ analysis of cometary dust grains during a rendezvous mission to a comet consists of three elements: (1) Substrate preparation, i.e. cleaning of the substrates in order to reduce the background contamination, (2) dust collection and (3) chemical analysis. All three elements have been simulated in a laboratory experiment. Combined heat treatment (up to 200°C) and surface sputtering of the gold substrates by a glow discharge reduced the surface contamination of Na, Al and K by a factor of 1000 and that of all other contaminants below the detection threshold. During the sputtering of the substrates they acquired a surface roughness of ～5 μm, which improved their collection efficiency for dust particles. Dust particles were shot onto those substrates at speeds up to 200 m s^?1.Chemical analysis using secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) provided information on elemental abundances, the molecular composition and isotopic ratios of selected elements even at a surface dust coverage of 10^?2–10^?4. Both technical details of the new equipment and results of the first investigation on target surface cleaning and SIMS analysis of dust particles will be reported.     

自然资源要素综合观测体系运维模式及保障体系构建

为实现自然资源要素综合观测体系的长期稳定运行并确保观测数据的科学性和准确性,建立一套适合综合观测体系的运维模式和保障体系意义重大。在分析国内外观测站网运维模式和保障经验的基础上,结合自然资源要素综合观测试点站网的建设、运营情况,提出了领导层+业务执行层+咨询层的运维模式,以及由经费保障、通信网络保障、基建装备保障、数据质量控制保障、野外观测台站日常管理与制度及人才队伍保障构成的自然资源要素综合观测保障体系框架。构建的运维模式层级清晰、职责明确,保障体系框架涵盖面广、重点突出,基本能满足自然资源要素综合观测体系长期、稳定、连续运行和定位观测的运维保障需求。