A three-dimensional heat transfer and thermal cracking model considering the effect of cracks on heat transfer

A simple three-dimensional heat transfer model is developed to consider the hindering effect of cracks on heat transfer. The 3D heat transfer model can also be applied to numerical methods such as the combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM), discrete element method (DEM), discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA), the numerical manifold method (NMM), and the finite element method (FEM) to construct thermo-mechanical coupling models that allow these methods to solve thermal cracking problems and dynamically consider the hindering effect of cracks on heat transfer. In the 3D heat transfer model, the continuous-discontinuous medium is discretized into independent tetrahedral elements, and joint elements are inserted between adjacent tetrahedral elements. Heat transfer calculations for continuous-discontinuous media are converted to heat conduction in tetrahedral elements and the heat exchange between the adjacent tetrahedral elements through the joint element. If the joint element between adjacent tetrahedral elements breaks (ie, a crack generates), the heat exchange coefficient of the joint element is reduced to account for the hindering effect of cracks on heat conduction. Then the model and the FDEM are combined to build a thermo-mechanical coupling model to simulate thermal cracking. The thermally induced deformation, stress, and cracking are investigated by the thermo-mechanical coupling model, and the numerical results are compared with analytical solutions or experimental results. The 3D heat transfer model and thermo-mechanical model can provide a powerful tool for simulating heat transfer and thermal cracking in a continuous-discontinuous medium.     

Comparison of halo detection from noisy weak lensing convergence maps with Gaussian smoothing and MRLens treatment

Taking into account the noise from intrinsic ellipticities of source galaxies,we study the efficiency and completeness of halo detections from weak lensing convergence maps.Particularly,with numerical simulations,we compare the Gaussian filter with the so called MRLens treatment based on the modification of the Maximum Entropy Method.For a pure noise field without lensing signals,a Gaussian smoothing results in a residual noise field that is approximately Gaussian in terms of statistics if a large enough nu...     

我国南大洋海洋大气化学研究进展

海洋大气化学是一门海洋化学与大气化学交叉的新学科。中国的南大洋海洋大气化学研究与我国的南极考察事业同步成长。30多年来, 随着南极科学考察的经验积累和数据集成, 我国的南大洋海洋大气化学关键过程研究即大气-海洋生物地球化学循环, 碳、氮、硫、磷、铁等的海气交换研究都有了长足的进步。与气候变化关系密切的碳、氮、硫的海-气循环等研究, 取得了一批新的认知和成果, 引起国际学界的关注。自20世纪80年代早期开始至今, 我国已开展了三十多次南极科学考察, 在这些考察中开展了南大洋大气气溶胶物质来源研究, 探究了大气-海洋生物地球化学的一些关键过程, 估算了硫、磷、氮、铁的海气交换通量。随着国家重大计划“南极在全球变化中的响应与反馈作用”项目实施及后续研究的开展, 对全球变化的敏感要素碳、氮、硫、铁在南大洋的源汇特征及其环境和气候效应等进行了研究, 对其有了更深的了解。我们还对南大洋海冰区碳汇格局演变, DMS、MSA、N2O、Fe等的海气交换过程及其对生态环境的影响有了新认知。同时, 在对上述化学物种的实时走航观测关键技术研发上也取得了重要突破, 为未来开展相关研究提供了坚实的技术支持; 在站区大气污染特征分布上进行了深入探讨, 为了解人类活动对站区环境的影响提供了评估依据。     

月表澄海—静海区遥感地质分析

月海盆地作为月球表面重要的地貌单元,分析其玄武岩喷发历史和构造作用,对于了解月球演化有着重要的意义。文中以澄海和静海两个相连通盆地为研究区,通过对LRO的DEM数据进行处理,获得两个月海的地形特征。基于Clementine多光谱数据处理,提取TiO2、FeO含量和成熟度分布图。经过对嫦娥一号CCD影像数据并结合LRO和LO全色波段影像的解译,提取了研究区126条月岭和114条月溪,并对比Cle-mentine提取的重力分布图,对其展布形式进行研究。综合分析结果表明,两个盆地虽然相邻连通,但岩性和构造分布有着明显的差别,玄武岩喷发不同期次界限明显,且澄海玄武岩年龄普遍晚于静海,相通处玄武岩与静海北部玄武岩同源。澄海中的线状构造展布形式与静海中的明显不同,呈现出一定规律,与质量瘤的有无及重力展布形式有关。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111001307

South China Sea(SCS) is the largest Western Pacific marginal sea.However,microbial studies have never been performed in the cold seep sediments in the SCS.In 2004."SONNE" 177 cruise found two cold seep areas with different water depth in the northern SCS.Haiyang 4 area,where the water depth is around 3000 m.has already been confirmed for active seeping on the seafloor.such as microbial mats,authigenic carbonate crusts and bivalves.We investigated microbial abundance and diversity in a 5.55-111 sediment core collected from this cold seep area.An integrated approach was employed including geochemistry and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analyses.Here,we show that microbial abundance and diversity along with geochemistry profiles of the sediment core revealed a coupled reaction between sulphate reduction and methane oxidation.Acridine orange direct count results showed that microbial abundance ranges from 10~5 to 10~6 cells/g sediment(wet weight).The depth-related variation of the abundance showed the same trend as the methane concentration profile.Phylogenetic analysis indicated the presence of sulphate-reducing bacteria and anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea.The diversity was much higher at the surface,but decreased sharply with depth in response to changes in the geochemical conditions of the sediments,such as methane,sulphate concentration and total organic carbon.Marine Benthic Group B.Chloroflexi and JSl were predominant phylotypes of the archaeal and bacterial libraries,respectively.     

Application of hyperspectral remote sensing for environment monitoring in mining areas

Environmental problems caused by extraction of minerals have long been a focus on environmental earth sciences. Vegetation growing conditions are an indirect indicator of the environmental problem in mining areas. A growing number of studies in recent years made substantial efforts to better utilize remote sensing for dynamic monitoring of vegetation growth conditions and the environment in mining areas. In this article, airborne and satellite hypersectral remote sensing data—HyMap and Hyperion images are used in the Mount Lyell mining area in Australia and Dexing copper mining area in China, respectively. Based on the analyses of biogeochemical effect of dominant minerals, the vegetation spectrum and vegetation indices, two hyperspectral indices: vegetation inferiority index (VII) and water absorption disrelated index (WDI) are employed to monitor the environment in the mining area. Experimental results indicate that VII can effectively distinguish the stressed and unstressed vegetation growth situation in mining areas. The sensitivity of VII to the vegetation growth condition is shown to be superior to the traditional vegetation index—NDVI. The other index, WDI, is capable of informing whether the target vegetation is affected by a certain mineral. It is an important index that can effectively distinguish the hematite areas that are covered with sparse vegetation. The successful applications of VII and WDI show that hyperspectral remote sensing provides a good method to effectively monitor and evaluate the vegetation and its ecological environment in mining areas.     

冀东铧尖金矿金属矿物矿物学特征及成矿作用研究

铧尖金矿位于冀东地区,该地区有丰富的铁矿、金矿资源。研究铧尖金矿床中金属矿物的矿物学特征及其成分的变化,可以深入了解该矿床的形成机制并指导后续找矿。通过野外地质观察、室内光学显微镜观察以及电子探针测试、氢氧同位素和硫同位素测试分析,研究表明:铧尖金矿的载金矿物为黄铁矿和石英,金矿物以含银自然金为主,主要存在于黄铁矿裂隙中或被黄铁矿包裹;黄铁矿中硫的含量平均为52.11%,与硫的理论值相比,黄铁矿普遍亏硫,显示出黄铁矿的形成与热液有关;氢氧同位素δD变化范围为-77.9‰～-68.1‰,δ18O变化范围为9.9‰～15.7‰,硫同位素δ34S变化范围为3.2‰～6‰,表明铧尖金矿的热液来源主要为岩浆水,硫源来自深部岩浆源。综上认为铧尖金矿应为岩浆热液型金矿床。     

基于应变能耗储的钢筋混凝土框架结构地震损伤演化研究

结构地震损伤破坏,本质上是地震动输入能量超出结构或构件耗能能力所致。“能量”参数能够综合反映地震动强度、频谱特性以及强震持时对结构破坏的影响,本文基于能量耗散原理建立结构损伤模型,采用有限元软件ABAQUS对3榀单层单跨钢筋混凝土平面框架结构抗震性能进行数值模拟,通过损伤指数量化研究了地震作用下钢筋混凝土框架结构的损伤演化规律。研究表明:基于应变能耗储的结构损伤模型,能够合理有效地反映“位移首超破坏”与“累积损伤破坏”模式,且上、下界收敛;模拟分析得到的滞回曲线和骨架曲线与试验数据吻合较好,数值建模方法适用于以梁、柱构件为主的框架结构抗震性能分析;耗能构件框架梁能够对结构损伤破坏发展和抗震性能劣化起到一定延缓作用,承力构件框架柱的损伤加剧会加速结构抗震性能的劣化;加载幅值较小时,结构依靠混凝土裂缝闭合摩擦消耗能量,“位移首超破坏”所致损伤所占比例较大,随着位移幅值及循环次数的增加,“累积损伤破坏”所致损伤所占比例逐渐增大。     

基于相关迭代的非因果匹配滤波器多次波压制方法

针对常规多次波压制(SRME)方法存在的缺陷进行了改进.首先在多次波模型道预测阶段,采用数据相关和迭代更新的策略预测多次波模型道,该方法降低了SRME方法采用数据空间褶积对输入数据要求严格的限制,提高了对近偏移距缺失和空间假频数据的适应性.在匹配相减阶段,本文设计了一种非因果非平稳的匹配滤波器,该滤波器可以对整道多次波模型进行处理,而且当预测多次波模型道滞后于实际多次波时,也能够对多次波模型道进行很好的匹配.模型数据和实际数据试算证明该方法在多次波模型道预测和匹配相减阶段的优越性.     

临潼地震台水温与远近场地震关系研究

系统分析临潼地震台水温20多年的连续观测数据变化特征,提取水温的正常动态与异常形态,及其与远、近场地震的关系,取得以下结果:水温较规则的夏高冬低的年周期动态特征,为正常动态;持续上升—转折下降及年周期消失属于异常动态;异常动态与青藏块体及其周缘M≥7.5远场大震以及该台所处的渭河盆地ML≥4地震存在较好的相关性.结果对揭示1988年以来青藏高原块体的地球动力学条件具有一定指示意义.