Roof bolting in underground mining: a state-of-the-art review

Conclusions With continuing investigations and developments, roof bolting today can in most cases successfully reinforce the mine roof in underground mining. In order to cope with the increasing use of roof bolts, efforts should be made to maximize the safety and minimize the cost. With regard to mechanical bolting, two important parameters need more advanced improvements and study, namely, optimum design of the shape and type of expansion shell and optimum bolt tension for a specific bolt pattern. For the fully grouted resin bolt, the most critical requirement is to develop a fast-setting, low-cost, intoxic, inflammable grouting material that can be used in the high speed mining cycle. It should be noted that geological conditions such as the strata type, rock properties,in situ stress, and planes of weakness play an important role in the successful application of any roof bolting system. These factors should be specified as accurately and quantitatively as possible in the design of any roof bolting system. Finally, proper and careful installation and continuous monitoring are imperative for the success of any roof bolting system.     

蛇纹石族矿物及其热转变产物的红外光谱研究

本文报道了蛇纹石族矿物及其热转变产物的红外光谱。在室温下斜纤蛇纹石,正纤蛇纹石,叶蛇纹石和利蛇纹石都具有各自的特征光谱。在结构资料基础上,我们解释了它们之间的光谱差异。无疑,红外光谱是区分各种蛇纹石矿物的有效手段。 样品加热到600—700℃时,3680cm~(-1)羟基带消失,这表明在该温度下蛇纹石矿物完全脱羟。与此同时,光谱中出现橄榄石870cm~(-1)的最强带和一个宽带1000cm~(-1),这说明蛇纹石已部分地转变为晶质橄榄石和形成一个无定形的中间相。800℃时,1060cm~(-1)新带的出现标志着顽火辉石的生成。在所有加热样品的光谱中都没有发现SiO_2吸收带,故可认为,在蛇纹石的热转变过程中没有出现SiO_2相。     

合成斜方辉石系列的红外光谱研究

在30kbar和900℃条件下,用等化学计量氧化物混合物合成了11个斜方辉石系列的样品,并对合成的样品进行了X射线粉晶分析和红外光谱分析。分析结果表明,晶胞参数和红外光谱随化学成分的改变而产生复杂的变化。不仅晶胞参数b和M而且频率ν_(670cm)-1和M之间存在很好的线性相关关系,通过用最小二乘法所拟合的相关方程可容易地测定斜方辉石的成分,但是α和c与M之间只有较差的线性关系,而ν_(450cm)-1和M以及ν_(380cm)-1和M之间并无简单的线性相关关系,这可归因于Fe~(2+)在M_1和M_2位置的有序分布。     

Limits on the ventilation rate for the deep ocean over the last 12000 years

In this paper we present accelerator radiocarbon measurements on hand picked benthic and planktonic foraminifera separated from two deep sea cores raised from the South China Sea. From the benthic-planktonic age differences we are able to place limits on the extent to which the ventilation rate of the deep Pacific Ocean has changed over the last 12000 years. While much work remains to be done before any definitive answers for the global oceans can be given, these results on cores with sedimentation rates suitably high to avoid major corrections for bioturbation effects suggest that the ventilation rate of the deep Pacific Ocean has remained nearly the same throughout Holocene time. Further, there is no suggestion that the rate was slower during the period of major glacial retreat. These results confirm that the changes in atmospheric¹⁴C/C ratio over the last 10000 years owe their origin to radiocarbon production rate changes.     

Research Status and Progress of Balloon-borne Cloud and Precipitation Particles Probe

The accurate observation of the microphysical structure of cloud and precipitation plays an important role in understanding the formation of clouds and precipitation. In-situ measurement using measuring instruments carried by meteorological balloons is an effective way to obtain the microphysical properties of cloud and precipitation particles, which is a supplementary means for aircraft to observe cloud and precipitation particles. This observation method plays a more and more important role in in-situ measurement. According to the difference of the working principle of the existing balloon-borne cloud and precipitation particles probes, the detectors can be divided into particle impact-sampling sensors, particle imaging sensors, light-scattering sensors, light intensity attenuation sensors and charge measurement sensors. The working principles, key technologies and main advantages and disadvantages of typical instruments were summarized, and their applications to detailed cloud structure acquisition, cloud remote sensing method establishment, cloud and precipitation physical process research and parameterization, and scientific observation of thunderstorm clouds were briefly introduced. Finally, the development trend of balloon-borne cloud precipitation particle detectors was prospected, which will provide reference for related technical research and equipment development.     

灰色系统关联度的新模型及其在预测矿体埋深中的应用

首先提出了灰色系统关联度的一个新模型，分析了该模型的性质，其次讨论了应用该模型和关联滤波法预测矿体埋深的问题，然后进行了理论模型试算，证实了本方法的理论效果，最后，指出了新模型的主要优点。     

盆地烃类运移二维二相流动数学模型分析与应用实例

从地质固体系统与流体系统相互作用所形成的能量流、物质流的观点，系统地论述了建立烃类运移主要控制方程，即烃水两相拉格朗日型异常地层压力方程和饱和度方程，研制了开发了烃类运移数值模拟系统，阐明了该耦合系统的要素功能和求解方法，提供了改善系统模拟精度的措施，最后介绍了该模拟系统在松辽盆地东南隆起某测线的应用实例。     

塔里木盆地北部油气运移二维二相数值模拟分析

油气运移和聚集过程实际上是油（气）水饱和度知疏导层的变化过程，盆地中油（气）二相流动问题的研究就是对这一过程的定量描述，本项研究是在前人工作基础上，考察压实作用造成骨架变形来推导新的二维二相流动方程，它容描述异常压力演化与二相流动于一式，在模拟方法上采用有限分析的数值方法，这应用于新疆塔里木盆地北部地区，展示了该区异常压力、含水饱和度弥散状扩散效应以及流速场在地质历史时期动态模拟演化特征；指出了该     

利用近场地震加速度记录测定近震震级ML的研究

本文对如何利用强震加速度记录测定近震震级ＭＬ的问题进行了研究，指出了在我国所使用的原始量规函数存在着系统偏差，并用回归现有观测资料的方法修正了这种系统偏差。用修正后的量规函数，利用近场加速度记录计算的ＭＬ值同微震台网所测定的值符合得较好，说明本文所提出的方法是可行的。     

滇黔桂晚海西—中印支伸展裂谷海盆地的演化

在详细研究各类喾体积的相序构成和沉积演化过程的基础上，采用动态成因及地层分析的方法，恢复了已曹受严重构造破坏的滇黔桂伸展裂谷海盆地的地层格架，根据各类等时地层界面的性质和地层序列划分出了５个沉积幕，详细解剖了各沉积幕的三维空间构成。同时以沉积体系或为单位，恢复了各沉积幕中相应阶段的构造古地理环境，将伸展裂谷盆地的演化历史划分为陆壳初始裂陷和洋壳化阶段，盆地伸展扩张阶段、洋壳俯冲和盆地分化段以及盆地