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71.
本文简明扼要地介绍了地面气象资料中常用要素的日、旬、月、年值的统计和缺测记录处理方法,对各要素原始观测数据和统计产品中常见的特定值做了较详细的说明.作者全面地介绍了四川省目前广泛用于服务的气候资料产品的文件类型、数据内容和数据格式. 相似文献
73.
Helmut Kerndorff Stephan Kühn Thomas Minden Dagmar Orlikowski Thomas Struppe 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(2):291-301
The aim of this research project is to identify, characterize and quantify natural attenuation (NA) processes in groundwater
affected by emissions of abandoned waste disposal sites in Berlin-Kladow/Gatow, Germany. It is part of the funding priority
called KORA established by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) to explore the extent to which NA can be
used for remedial purposes for varied forms of soil and groundwater contamination. Information on the emission behaviour of
individual parameters is generated on the basis of hydrogeochemical comparison of 20 years old and new data. Using groundwater-modelling
and CFC-analysis, information on the transport and retention of pollutants in groundwater is compiled. The microbial colonization
of contaminated aquifers is characterized by molecular biological methods [polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing
gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)] to differentiate between contaminated and not contaminated zones. 相似文献
74.
Here we report iron (Fe) isotopic data of three pure Fe solution standards (IRMM-014, GSB Fe, and NIST 3126a) and five widely used geological reference materials (RMs) from the United States Geological Survey and Geological Survey of Japan obtained on a Neptune Plus multi-collector–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) in our laboratory over the past 3 years. The instrumental mass bias was corrected by three independent methods: sample-standard bracketing (SSB), Ni doping?+?SSB, and 57Fe–58Fe double spike?+?SSB. Measurements reveal that both the Ni doping and double spike methods helped calibrate short-term fluctuations in mass bias. Collectively, almost all measurements of RMs yielded δ56Fe within?±?0.05 of recommended values, provided that each sample was measured four times on MC-ICP-MS. For the first time, new recommended values for NIST SRM3126a are reported (δ56Fe?=?0.363?±?0.006, 2SE, 95% CI; and δ57Fe?=?0.534?±?0.010, 2SE). 相似文献
75.
The layered intrusions in the Panzhihua-Xichang area may be grouped into two types: basic rock masses represented by the Panzhihua
rockbody and basic-ultrabasic rock masses represented by the Hongge rockbody. Their major difference lies in that the former
has poorly developed ultramafic facies, while the latter is characterized by well developed mafic facies and ultramafic facies.
There exists apparent rhythmic stratification in the rock masses, which can be basically divided into four grades in terms
of superimposition relationship and multicycle characters.
Both direct and indirect evidence suggest that the magma responsible for the layered intrusions in this area should be a transition-type
alkaline olivine basalt magma derived directly from partial melting of the upper mantle. In rhythmic cycles of various grades,
the magmatic evolution is characterized obviously by periodicity and early enrichment of Fe and Ti, which is evidently different
from the evolution of the Skaergaard magma in which Fe and Ti are enriched at the late stage. The FCA diagram can be used
to describe the unique evolutionary trend of magma in this area. It is demonstrated in this diagram that the enrichment of
Fe and Ti is consistent with the increase of basicity.
In the upper magmatic chamber, the evolutionary trend of magma is conditioned by the difference in pressure, and this enables
magma to form different types of rock assemblage. In the Fo-Di-An system, when the pressure exceeds 5 x 188 Pa, forsterite is incompatible with anorthite, and the rock facies sequence of Hongge type might form; when the pressure
is lower than 5 x 108 Pa, forsterite can coexist with anorthite, and the rock facies sequence of Panzhihua type is likely to form if the magma
is relatively rich in Mg and Fe components. 相似文献
76.
Calcite was synthesized by four methods, and the luminescence decay-time was measured for nine samples before and after heating
hydrothermally in the temperature range 200–400°C. Decay-time data were collected between room temperature and approximately
15 K. The decay time at room temperature is approximately 50 ms, with little difference between a given calcite before and
after hydrothermal treatment. The decay time at 15 K is always greater than at room temperature as the effect of thermal quenching
diminishes. Differences in decay time before and after heating are more apparent at low temperature owing to this reduction
in thermal quenching. The decay time decreased significantly in two samples, and an increase in decay time was observed in
the remaining seven samples following heating. Among the latter group, the change in decay time was insignificant in three
samples. The results are compared with previous data in which it was shown that the effect of heating is to increase the intensity
of luminescence. 相似文献
77.
78.
Fe3+纳米胶体颗粒的光吸收边蓝移与溶液中Al/Fe比的关系 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
合成了n(Al)/n(Fe)和碱化度不同的45个聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)样品,进行了光谱分析,结果显示光吸收边蓝移或红移以及Fe(Ⅲ)羟基氧化物和Al-Fe共聚体纳米胶体颗粒大小分布与溶液的Al/Fe比和碱化度(B=[OH]/[Al+Fe])密切相关。电镜观察和电子衍射分析表明:Al(Ⅲ)的加入使Fe(Ⅲ)羟基氧化物和Al-Fe共聚体纳米胶体颗粒变小、有序度降低是造成PAFE光吸收边蓝移和保持胶体颗粒在亚稳定状态下存在的重要原因。当n(Al)/n(Fe)〉8:2后,PAFC溶液中Fe(Ⅲ)羟基氧化物和Al-Fe共聚体胶体主要以〈10m的纳米颗粒形态存在,对应的光谱能级提高到26000cm^-1以上,且各种曰值下Fe^3+的光谱能级趋于一致。这表明,在大量Al(Ⅲ)存在条件下,PAFE中Fe3^+的所处的化学环境相似。点能谱分析显示,n(Al)/n(Fe)=4:6的样品中颗粒物的化学计量比最接近AlOOH,FeOOH,溶液的稳定性最差。 相似文献
79.
Citizens as sensors: the world of volunteered geography 总被引:62,自引:0,他引:62
Michael F. Goodchild 《GeoJournal》2007,69(4):211-221
In recent months there has been an explosion of interest in using the Web to create, assemble, and disseminate geographic information provided voluntarily by individuals. Sites such as Wikimapia and OpenStreetMap are empowering citizens to create a global patchwork of geographic information, while Google Earth and other virtual globes are encouraging volunteers to develop interesting applications using their own data. I review this phenomenon, and examine associated issues: what drives people to do this, how accurate are the results, will they threaten individual privacy, and how can they augment more conventional sources? I compare this new phenomenon to more traditional citizen science and the role of the amateur in geographic observation. 相似文献
80.
岩溶含水系统遭受石油烃污染的环境问题十分普遍。相对于多孔含水介质,石油烃BTEX在石灰岩含水介质中的生
物可降解性还不确定。为此,本研究开展了BTEX在石灰石和岩溶地下水介质中的静态微元体实验。经过77天的实验检测
分析,结果表明:(1) BTEX化合物在可利用电子受体溶解氧或硝酸盐存在条件下具有生物可降解性;(2) 向系统中补充
电子受体硝酸盐,具有促进生物降解的作用,其对BTEX的去除率可高达94%;(3) 未发现补充硫酸盐能够促进BTEX生物
可降解性;(4) 甲苯和二甲苯容易被生物降解,但苯的去除具有一定的难度。 相似文献