准噶尔盆地陆梁地区基底火山岩的岩石地球化学及其构造环境

准噶尔盆地腹地陆梁起基底火山岩岩性为富钠玄武岩及流纹岩,总体显示出板内双峰火山岩特点。玄武岩的特征是：岩石的五晶和基质中普遍出现橄榄石;辉石为普通辉石;斑晶和基质中的长石为偏酸性的斜长石（平均牌号为30－50）;全岩化学成分CIPW计算结果表明,绝大部分含有Ne（2．8％－4．6％）,均含有O1（19．3％－10．1％）和Di（0．2％－24．6％）,标准矿物分子组合为Ne＋O1＋Di＋An;在全碱－SiO2图上玄武岩投影于碱性区;Mg^#＜65;REE总量为110．29－158．06μg/g。（La/Y）N变化范围为3．10－4．51。δEu变化于0．93－1．04;弱武岩的微量元素标准化图解为LILE相对于LREE适度富集,Nb,Ta相对于LREE和LILE亏损。Ni,Cr含量略低于原始岩浆的参考值;以上特征表明,弱武岩总体上属于碱性橄榄玄武岩;玄武岩具有较同正的εNd(t)和低的^87Sr/^86Sr,而流纹岩则具有较低的εNd(t)和较高的^87Sr/^86Sr,反映它们的同源性和遭受陆壳物质同化混染程度的不同。同位素Rb-Sr等时线年龄和单颗粒锆石蒸发年龄集中在323－395Ma。以上特点表明,陆梁玄武岩来自于亏损的地幔源区,并经历了一定程度的分异作用和陆壳物质的混染作用,其形成于板内环境,与泥盆纪－石灰纪区域伸展作用有关,因此,陆梁隆起带基底很可能是一个大陆裂谷带。     

柴达木盆地新生代不同层次构造特征

应用柴达木盆地地震、非地震资料进行综合解释研究发现,新生代盆地深、浅层构造存在较大差异,盆地沉积在不同时期受到不同构造格局的控制。古近系受近东西向构造控制,新近系受北西向构造控制,显示了柴达木盆地新生代为不同时期受不同方向构造控制的大型叠合盆地。盆地地层深、浅层构造变形特征不同,深层表现为陡倾的逆冲断裂构造,以断块构造为主要特征;中浅层表现为滑脱褶皱与滑脱断裂构造;地表在背斜核部发育斜列展布的正断层构造。盆地经历了多旋回沉积和多方式的后期改造,不同的构造组合形成了不同的储油气构造模式,认识这一点对于盆地深层的油气勘探,特别是寻找隐蔽油气藏具有重要意义。     

柴达木盆地北缘早古生代碰撞造山系统

柴达木盆地北缘在早古生代形成了一条碰撞造山带，该造山带结构保存较完整，可分辨出深俯冲板片、火山岛弧带、蛇绿杂岩带、岛弧深成岩带等组成单元。其中，俯冲板块主要由中元古代鱼卡河岩群和中新元古代花岗片麻岩构成，在寒武纪末-奥陶纪可能全部或部分俯冲到岩石圈深部，发生了高压-超高压变质作用。火山岛弧主要由中基性火山岩、细碎屑岩等组成，成岩时代为晚寒武世-奥陶纪。蛇绿杂岩带由超镁铁质岩、辉长岩、玄武岩和少量硅质岩组成，形成于弧后扩张脊构造背景，成岩时代为寒武纪-奥陶纪。岛弧深成岩成分变化较大，由闪长岩变化到花岗岩，成岩时代为奥陶纪。而造山带北侧的欧龙布鲁克微陆块则具有双层结构，由德令哈杂岩和达肯大坂岩群构成基底，盖层为全吉群。     

Isolation and Characterization of Collagen from Squid(Ommastrephes bartrami) Skin

Collagen of squid(Ommastrephes bartrami) skin was examined in the present study. Histology showed that collagen fiber in the skin was partially cross-linked with muscle fiber. Acid-solubilized collagen(ASC) and pepsin-solubilized collagen(PSC) were extracted from the skin and characterized. The results of amino acid composition and electrophoretic patterns revealed that ASC and PSC were both type Ⅰ collagen,containing α1 and α2 chains. FTIR(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) investigations confirmed t...     

海冰动力学数值方法研究进展

在海冰动力学数值模拟和预测研究中,人们将海冰视为连续介质分别建立了欧拉坐标下的有限差分（FD）方法、拉格朗日坐标下的光滑质点流体动力学（SPH）方法、欧拉和拉格朗日坐标相结合的质点网格法（PIC）,近年来又发展了基于非连续介质的颗粒流（GF）方法。对以上几种海冰动力学数值方法的特点和适用性进行了讨论,结果表明：FD、PIC和SPH方法可适用于中长期海冰动力学数值模拟,但SPH方法的计算效率需进一步提高;GF方法在不同尺度下的海冰动力学数值模拟中的计算精度均有很强的适用性,但目前较适用于小尺度下海冰动力学基本特性的数值试验研究,计算时效还不能满足实际海冰数值模拟和预测的要求。为进一步提高海冰动力学模拟的精度和适用性,在不同时空尺度下分别发展与其相适应的数值方法是必要的。     

莺歌海盆地晚第三纪构造特征的三维泥料模拟实验及其动力学意义

莺歌海盆地是发育在古红河断裂带之上的新生代盆地，晚第三纪的构造运动触发了盆地中热流体自超压封存箱向外大规模突破，使热流体及泥质的活动具有规律性成群成带的特征。本次实验基于相似理论，在对盆地的演化史及区域构造应力场充分分析的基础上，进行了晚第三纪盆地构造应力场的三维泥料模拟，证实了红河断裂右旋走滑派生的拉分效应控制了莺歌海盆地晚第三纪的构造活动，而晚第三纪的构造活动又是雁列式断裂展布及底辟体分布的主导因素。     

Rare Earth Element Geochemistry of Late Palaeozoic Coals in North China

Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) was done to determine the abundances of rare earth elements (REE) of 58 samples of Late Palaeozoic Carboniferous-Permian coals and related rocks in North China. Detailed study of REE geochemistry shows that the ∑REE of most coals studied in this paper is in a normal range between 30×10-6 and 80×10-6 with a mean of 56×10-6. The REE in the Taiyuan Formation in the northern part of North China are much richer than those in the southern part. This is due to the shorter distance to the source area in the north. Moreover, the IREE is in positive correlation to coal ash, especially closely related to the content of clay minerals <2μm in size. This reveals that most REE were carried by terrigenous clastic materials, especially fine clay minerals. In the coals the light REE (LREE) are much richer than the heavy REE (HREE), and the LREE/HREE ratio in coals generally varies from 2 to 8. The LREE/HREE ratio of high-ash, low-sulphur coals is higher than that of lo     

Causes of rockfalls in Al-Huwayshah area,Yemen

According to topography of Yemen,most areas and villages are located at obligated crest,toe of mountain and under cliffs.Therefore Al-Huwayshah consisting of Tawilah sandstone group is characterized by steep slope reach to 90° in some areas.This area is affected by strong tectonic movements and faults that occurred during the geological epochs.This effect enhances to find out fractures and joints as well as the rocks become brittle and ready to slide depending on the position of area.And there are some frac...     

Distribution and characteristics of volcanic reservoirs in China

About forty productive oil/gas fields hosted in volcanic reservoirs have been found since 1957 in fourteen basins of China. They can be simply subdivided into two groups, the east and the west. Reservoir volcanic rocks of the east group are predominantly composed of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rhyolite and Tertiary basalt, preferred being considered as rift type volcanics developed in the circum-Pacific tectonic regime. Those of the west are Permo-Carboniferous intermediate/basic volcanic rocks, being island-arc type ones developed in paleo-Asian Ocean tectonic regime.     

Study on drilling mechanism and optimization of percussion-extruding DTH hammer bit

The authors tested the percussion-extruding Down-the-hole （DTH）hammer bit with five different structures and mainly analyzed the drilling mechanism between conical bit and stepped bit. In addition, aiming at ＂the pile effect＂ in combination with the advantage＇ of stepped bit, we design a new cam spinning bit and test it outdoors. The result shows that using cam spinning bit can solve the problem of ＂the pile effect＂, which can also obtain higher drilling efficiency than using conical bit in high confining pressure strata. It is characterized by novel structure and high drilling speed as well as good guiding, and it is significant for improving efficiency in percussion-extruding drilling technique.