黑鲷和青石斑鱼对气泡幕反应的比较

在室内水池中观察了黑鲷（Ｓｐａｒｕｓｍａｃｒｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ）和青石斑鱼（Ｅｐｉｎｅｐｈｅｌｕｓａｗｏａｒａ）对孔径０．５ｍｍ、孔距５．０ｃｍ，空气压力０．２５ｋｇ／ｃｍ２固定气泡幕的反应。结果表明，气泡幕对两种海水鱼都有显著的阻拦作用，平均阻拦率分别为黑鲷７５．１％、青石斑鱼８２．４％。分析显示，气泡幕对两种鱼的阻拦率间无显著差异。在本实验中，该两种鱼对气泡幕均无明显的适应现象     

干法毛管压力试验新技术及其在判别储层水饱和度中的应用

根据毛细管压力理论研制的ＹＢ－１型岩石水饱和度仪，广泛应用于油气勘探开发中测定储集岩石的含水饱和度，测定误差小于５％，该方法为不受取心条件、样品大小、物性和岩性限制快速的新方法，实际应用证明效果较好     

Generation of Muscovite/ Two-Mica Granil and Intracontinental Subduction

ＧｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆＭｕｓｃｏｖｉｔｅ／Ｔｗｏ－ＭｉｃａＧｒａｎｉｌａｎｄＩｎｔｒａｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔａｌＳｕｂｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ￥ＤｅｎｇＪｉｎｆｕ；ＺｈａｏＨａｉｌｉｎｇ；ＬａｉＳｈａｏｃｏｎｇ；ＬｉｕＨｏｕｘｉａｎｇ；ＬｕｏＺｈａｏｈｕａ（Ｄｅ...     

费县城乡建设用地增减挂钩探析

2009年以来,费县全力推进城乡建设用地增减挂钩工作,为县域经济发展提供了用地空间,为加快城乡统筹发展,调整优化城乡用地布局结构,缓解建设用地供需矛盾,促进土地集约、高效和可持续利用奠定了良好的基础。但还存在与相关规划协调和衔接比较困难、项目资金投入大、拆迁难度大、项目权属调整复杂等问题。针对这些问题提出了强化合作机制、完善土地流转机制、加大资金投入等措施。     

Determination of trace and rare-earth elements in Chinese soil and clay reference materials by ICP-MS

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) has become a powerful tool for providing reliable analytical results in many laboratories around the word. In this study, the mixture of HF and HNO3 acids in high-temperature and high-pressure closed-vessel digestion technique were used to decompose some Chinese reference materials, and thirty seven elements were determined by ICP-MS. Most of the results for Chinese soil reference materials were found to be in reasonable agreement with the reference values, except Cs, Ta, Li, Ge, Zn, Nd, Tb and Ta whose values need to be revised. Their precisions were typically lower than 5% RSD. However, the Precisions of Chinese clay reference materials, especially for GBW03102 and GBW03102a, were significantly different with reference values, probably reflecting the existence of a coarser-grained fraction(70 μm) in samples, and the formation of fluorides in Al-rich samples during sample decomposition by using the mixture of HF and HNO3 acids. Moreover, thirty-seven trace elements covering the mass range from Li to U in four Chinese clay reference materials were firstly provided with good precision and accuracy in this study.     

Origin of Fe-Ti Oxide Ores in Mafic Intrusions: Evidence from the Panzhihua Intrusion, SW China

Economic concentrations of Fe–Ti oxides occur as massive,conformable lenses or layers in the lower part of the Panzhihuaintrusion, Emeishan Large Igneous Province, SW China. Mineralchemistry, textures and QUILF equilibria indicate that oxidesin rocks of the intrusion were subjected to extensive subsolidusre-equilibration and exsolution. The primary oxide, reconstructedfrom compositions of titanomagnetite in the ores and associatedintergrowths, is an aluminous titanomagnetite (Usp₄₀) with 40wt % FeO, 34 wt % Fe₂O₃, 16·5 wt % TiO₂, 5·3 wt% Al₂O₃, 3·5 wt % MgO and 0·5 wt % MnO. This compositionis similar to the bulk composition of the oxide ore, as inferredfrom whole-rock data. This similarity strongly suggests thatthe ores formed from accumulation of titanomagnetite crystals,not from immiscible oxide melt as proposed in earlier studies.The occurrence of oxide ores in the lower parts of the Panzhihuaintrusion is best explained by settling and sorting of densetitanomagnetite in the ferrogabbroic parental magma. This magmamust have crystallized Fe–Ti oxides relatively early andabundantly, and is likely to have been enriched in Fe and Tibut poor in SiO₂. These features are consistent with fractionationof mantle-derived melts under relatively high pressures (10kbar), followed by emplacement of the residual magma at 5 kbar.This study provides definitive field and geochemical evidencethat Fe–Ti oxide ores can form by accumulation in ferrogabbro.We suggest that many other massive Fe–Ti oxide depositsmay have formed in a similar fashion and that high concentrationsof phosphorus or carbon, or periodic fluctuation of fO₂ in themagma, are of secondary importance in ore formation. KEY WORDS: ELIP; Fe–Ti oxide ore; layered intrusion; Panzhihua; QUILF     

钻孔瞬变电磁方法探测越界开采采空区的应用

煤矿井下越界开采扰乱煤炭资源开发秩序,同时存在巨大的安全隐患,准确探测越界开采采空区及其边界对安全采掘极为重要。常规的矿井瞬变电磁探测方法容易受到巷道中的金属和电磁信号干扰,探测精度有限,难以满足采空区边界精准解释的需求。为了解决这一问题,提出一种钻孔中收发信号的钻孔瞬变电磁方法和施工工艺,利用其远离巷道和靠近异常体的特点,提高异常信号在实测数据中的占比;并研究可行域约束的OCCAM反演算法,进一步减小体积效应影响,实现了对越界开采采空区的电阻率精细成像。结合山西某煤矿的工程实践,对该方法精准探测邻矿越界开采采空区规模、性质的实用性和有效性进行了检验。结果表明,钻孔瞬变电磁方法是矿井地球物理技术与钻探工艺技术的高效结合和有益补充,基于可行域约束的OCCAM反演算法能够有效应用于越界开采采空区的边界精确成像解释。      

Mechanical behaviors of conjugate-flawed rocks subjected to coupled static–dynamic compression

Conjugate flaws widely exist in rock masses and play a significant role in their deformation and strength properties. Understanding the mechanical behaviors of rock masses containing conjugate flaws is conducive to rock engineering stability assessment and the related supporting design. This study experimentally investigates the mechanical properties of conjugate-flawed sandstone specimens under coupled static–dynamic compression, thereby providing insight into how conjugate fractures interact to produce tracing tensional joints. Results indicate that the coupled compressive strength and the dynamic elastic modulus of conjugate-flawed rock specimens show remarkable loading rate dependence. For a fixed strain rate, the specimen with a static pre-stress equal to 60% of its uniaxial compressive strength has the highest coupled strength. Besides, both higher static pre-stress and strain rate can induce smaller mean fragment size and greater fractal dimension of the specimen, corresponding to a more uniform distribution of the broken fragments with smaller sizes. When the static pre-stress is lower than 80%UCS, the flawed specimen under a higher strain rate is characterized by higher absorbed energy. However, when the pre-stress equals 80%UCS, the value of the energy absorbed by the specimen in the dynamic loading process is negative due to the release of the preexisting considerable elastic strain energy input from the static pre-loading. As for the failure modes, cracks always penetrate the preexisting ipsilateral flaw tips to form anti-wing cracks. Under dynamic loading, the conjugate-flawed specimen generally shows tensile failure at a low strain rate, while the shear failure dominates at a high strain rate. In addition, based on progressive failure processes of the conjugate-flawed rock specimens, the evolution of tracing tensional joints in the field is discussed.

     

Underwater Navigation Based on Real-Time Simultaneous Sound Speed Profile Correction

Precise sound speed profile (SSP) information is critical when using sonar for underwater terrain navigation. Nevertheless, acquiring SSP information in real-time is difficult, especially in underwater navigation environment. To account for this problem, this paper presents an underwater navigation method that applies real-time SSP correction to the terrain measurements. The method uses a probe to measure the surface sound speed simultaneously. Meanwhile, redundancy of topographic measurement data is exploited to derive the equivalent SSP information. The acquired equivalent SSP is updated continuously with particle filter algorithm. The terrain measurements can be corrected in real-time with the equivalent SSP to improve the performance of underwater terrain navigation. By removing the impact of inaccurate SSP from the terrain measurements, the proposed method can achieve precise and robust underwater navigation result without using an underway-profiling instrument. Simulated results confirm the good performance of the proposed method.     

台湾东北部黑潮次表层水入侵的季节变化规律

台湾东北部,黑潮次表层水常年入侵东海陆架。但是黑潮次表层水入侵的季节变化规律,尚存在很多不明之处。本文基于2009至2011年间东海4个航次的CTD实测数据,研究了黑潮次表层水入侵东海过程的季节变化规律,发现:黑潮次表层水入侵在春末夏初开始加强,夏季最强,秋季开始减弱,冬季最弱。入侵的黑潮次表层水起源深度也随季节变化有所不同。另外,结果还表明黑潮次表层水入侵存在明显的短期变动。