Hurricane-induced motions and interaction with ocean currents

Hurricanes produce mixing and flow divergences (and convergences) that alter the upper-ocean heat content (OHC), which in turn affects the storm. Ocean observations under a hurricane are rare, making it difficult to validate forecast models. Past research have mainly focused on OHC-changes by vertical mixing and tacitly assumed that horizontal transports are slowly varying. Moreover, effects of coastal boundaries on ocean responses to hurricanes are generally omitted. This work uses satellite data to detect and verify forecast isopycnal motions under hurricane Wilma (Oct/16–26/2005) in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. The model is then used to show that Wilma-induced convergences in northwestern Caribbean Sea produce increased Yucatan-Channel transport into the Gulf ahead of the storm, and the Yucatan–Loop Current front diverts most of this heat around the Loop. This response is distinct from that of an ocean without the Loop, for which warming is widespread north of the channel. These intricate ocean responses can impact hurricane predictions.     

Stability analysis and treatment of No. 2 dump of Nanfen iron mine

On the basis of the study on the engineering geological characteristics of No. 2 dump of Nanfen iron mine and the analysis of the failure mode of dump landslide, the stability of the present dump, the stability of the dump 20 years later and the stability of double-bench dump are analyzed. Then, the debris flow risk is evaluated by fuzzy mathematics method. Finally, the comprehensive treatment for the dump is suggested. It is concluded that ① In rainy and snowmelt period, the stability would be decreasing sharply when ground water is not drained out in time; ② Double-bench dumping mode will improve stability of the dump little;③ Debris flow risk is middle danger. The interim debris flow with medium scale may occur. ④ Monitoring, draining and baffling work ought to be well done. ⑤In order to prevent the damage of landslide and debris flow, three measures are adopted, including setting rockfall net, setting the debris flow barrier and removing the residents.     

若羌地区降水量变动的特征

采用若羌36年(1953——1988年)的降水资料讨论了该地区降水特征,通过分析得到:1.若羌降水量的均值、方差、相关系数和降水变率等气候统计量的特征;2.若羌降水量有增多的趋势。本世纪50年代年降水16.2mm,60年代18.0mm,70年代20.3mm,而80年代达们40.2mm,为50年代的2.5倍;3.1981及1988年7月份大暴雨,说明干旱区降水量年际变化大,并从中得到有关水汽来源及其水汽输送路径的认识。     

高空观测球炸后的探空记录可用性分析

通过对射阳高空气象观测站采集的球炸后探空仪下降过程中的感应资料进行分析,发现探空仪上升和下降过程中同气压层温度差是由摩擦增温、滞后误差、仪器故障、温度空间变化、温度时间变化等原因造成,并就采集的下降资料因仪器快速下降造成的摩擦增温误差、滞后误差测算方法进行了研究,探讨了一些获取球炸后探空仪下降过程中周边环境准确气象资料的途径和努力方向,提出了高空观测球炸后继续观测和使用降落伞减缓下降速度的建议,以利获取更多的气象资料。     

GPS RTK在航测成图高程测量中的探讨与研究

本文探讨了GPS RTK定位技术在大面积1：1000航测成图高程测量方案中的实施，对布网方案进行了研究与探讨，并对GPS RTK用于高程测量的精度进行了分析，对其应用前景作出评价。     

烃源岩评价分析项目的优化组合

在我国石油天然气行业中,对烃源岩评价的实验分析技术已形成一套比较成熟的方法,其中大部分已制订成国家标准或行业标准。但是在实际过程中,或者是全面测试,以致浪费大、收益小,或者是为过度节约而少测样品,造成信息严重丢失。为了分析测试能既节约成本又成果优秀,对各分析项目依据其有效性和局限性,分为基本项目、选择项目和补充项目三大类。针对不同的研究目的,分别提出了烃源岩样品快速筛选分析、烃源岩系统评价分析、下古生界海相烃源岩研究分析等相关实验测试分析项目的优化组合设计方案。     

Potential deposition of biogenic silica source sediment in the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Underwater Delta estimated with satellite remote sensing

Biogenic silica sediment constitutes one of the critical sources of particle income in the oceans. In this paper, satellite remote sensing of primary production, sinking flux, and molar ratio of Si/C were utilized to elucidate potential biogenic silica sediment in the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Underwater Delta. Primary production retrieval showed that daily primary production in the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Delta was 3.3–10.8?Mt?d^?1, with 5.8?Mt?d^?1 on average. Sinking flux, retrieved with in situ observations and satellite remote sensing, was within the range of 109–657?mg?Cm^?2?d^?1, or about 23% of total primary production, on average. A molar ratio of Si/C of 0.11–0.45 interval was used in the area, for the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Delta was similar to coastal water and affected by many factors. Considering that phytoplankton in the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Underwater Delta is mainly diatom (80% on average), about 0.21–0.88 billion tons of biogenic silica source sediment is produced in the area annually. With the reduction of land source sediment occurring in recent years in the area, biogenic silica sediment may be one of the dominant sediment sources for maintaining the future stability of the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Underwater Delta.     

藏东南大气中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源分析

为探究青藏高原东南部大气中多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,简称PAHs)的污染、源及输送特征,利用鲁朗地区(29.77°N,94.73°E)总悬浮颗粒物(Total Suspended Particles,简称TSP)和大气中的14种PAHs含量,结合同期气象环境数据进行了综合分析。结果表明,该地区TSP中PAHs和气相的PAHs质量浓度变化范围分别为0.22～5.05 ng m^-3和0.83～63.75 ng m^-3,平均值分别为2.13 ng m^-3和11.33 ng m^-3。薪柴和柴油的燃烧是污染的主要方式,汽油燃烧等其他排放为次要方式。PAHs来自本地污染和远距离传输(Long Range Transmission,简称LRT)共同的影响。本地污染在四季各个源地均不相同。冬春季本地污染大,源在东南及正南方,夏秋季受本地和外来输送共同作用,本地源在东南方且占比小,LRT占比大。LRT受西北气流、西风气流和西南气流三支气流影响,污染严重时西南气流占主导...     

利用卡尔曼滤波校准方法估算区域降水量

该文根据卡尔曼滤波校准方法估算区域降水量的原理,利用“973”项目野外观测资料对2002年6月22日的一次降水过程进行了试验研究。结果表明：卡尔曼滤波校准方法能提高雷达定量估算区域降水量的精度,并能较好地反映雷达探测到的精细降水场结构;验证了随着观测次数的增加,卡尔曼滤波校准方法估算降水量的精度越来越高。