Geochronology and geochemistry of Mesozoic mafic–ultramafic complexes in the southern Liaoning and southern Jilin provinces,NE China: Constraints on the spatial extent of destruction of the North China Craton

LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb ages, geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope data are presented for mafic–ultramafic complexes from the southern Liaoning–southern Jilin area with the aim of determining the nature of the Mesozoic lithospheric mantle and to further constrain the spatial extent of destruction of the North China Craton (NCC). The complexes consist of olivine-websterite, gabbro, dolerite, and gabbro-diorite. Zircons from the complexes show typical zoning absorption, are euhedral–subhedral in shape, and yield high Th/U ratios (1.23–2.87), indicating a magmatic origin. Zircon U–Pb age data indicate that they formed in the Early Cretaceous (129–137 Ma). Geochemically, they have SiO₂ = 44.3–49.8%, MgO = 6.8–26.5%, Cr = 102–3578 ppm, and Ni = 31–1308 ppm, and are characterized by enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs), and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSEs) and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), as well as a wide range of Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions [(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)i = 0.70557–0.71119; ε_Nd (t) = ?5.4 to ?20.1; (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)i = 15.13–17.85; Δ7/4 = ?11.49 to 16.00; Δ8/4 = 102.64–203.48]. Compared with the southern Liaoning mafic–ultramafic rocks, the southern Jilin mafic–ultramafic rocks have high TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ contents, high ε_Nd (t) values, low (La/Yb)_N values, low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, and low radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions. These findings indicate that the primary magmas of the southern Jilin complexes were derived from lithospheric mantle that was previously metasomatized by a melt derived from the delaminated ancient lower crust, whereas the primary magmas of the southern Liaoning complexes originated from partial melting of a lithospheric mantle source that was previously modified by melt derived from the broken-off Yangtze slab. Therefore, the lateral extent of the NCC destruction should include the southern Liaoning–southern Jilin area.     

华北中元古代陆表海氧化还原条件

文石海底沉淀是地球早期大气高CO2浓度、海洋贫氧条件下,CaCO3过饱和而直接沉淀于海底所形成的自生碳酸盐,可反映古海洋贫氧状态.对华北中元古界雾迷山组(ca 1.50～1.45 Ga)碳酸盐岩的研究发现:潮下带下部黑色纹层石由针状文石假晶等厚层与微生物席层交互堆叠而成;潮下带中部凝块石白云岩(A单元)主要由针状文石假...     

Effects of diurnal temperature rhythm on the geothermal regime under the embankment in Qinghai–Tibet plateau

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of diurnal temperature fluctuation amplitude (DTFA) on the geothermal regime of the embankment on the Qinghai–Tibet plateau. The investigation was simulated by respectively denoting the diurnal temperatures at the embankment surface, embankment slope, and natural ground surface with sinusoidal waves. The amplitudes of the waves were denoted by 0°C, 5°C, 8°C, and 12°C, respectively. The numerical result shows that the DTFA cannot vary the frequency of the seasonal temperature fluctuation of the underlying soil, but can significantly change the magnitude of the soil’s temperature. The changes include: (1) The high DTFA, such as 12°C, can significantly lead to the warming of the soil under the embankment. (2) Interestingly, when the DTFA at ground surface is 5°C, the underlying soil is in a cooler stage compared to when such DTFA is 0°C, 8°C, or12°C. This interesting result means that the documented model which ignores the diurnal temperature rhythm overestimates the warming of the underlying soil at the low DTFA region and underestimates such warming at the high DTFA region. This result also suggests that the soil under the embankment can be cooled down if the DTFA on the ground surface was maintained at or approximately at 5°C.     

A Nonparametric Index for Determining the Numbers of Events in Clusters

The task of discriminating between heterogeneity and complete spatial randomness (CSR) for a given point process can be divided into three subtasks: the identification of the point pattern; the determination of the sizes of clusters; and the estimation of the numbers of events in dominant clusters. Many studies have been performed regarding the first and second subtasks. However, limited work has been done on the third aspect; hence, the determination of the number of events in each dominant cluster is still an unsolved problem. In this paper, we provide a solution by constructing a new index which is defined as the ratio between the variance of the (k+1)th nearest distance and that of the kth nearest distance. Our method can be divided into two phases: the detection of point pattern and the estimation of the numbers of events in dominant clusters. These phases can be estimated by the values at which the index abruptly decreases to be less than 1. A comparative study between the existing indices and our index shows the following: (i) our index can indicate the numbers of events in dominant clusters in a relatively objective way, which is different from the K-function revealing the sizes of clustered patterns; (ii) it is a nonparametric index and is easy to implement; and (iii) it demonstrates the highest detection power for differentiating between heterogeneity and CSR. The simulations and two seismic case studies also confirmed the correctness of our method.     

2009年西北太平洋及南海热带气旋特征分析

利用2009年热带气旋资料及西太平洋副热带高压、海温等特征量数据,分析了2009年热带气旋活动特点.结果表明:2009年西北太平洋和南海热带气旋具有生成数较常年偏少,登陆我国较常年偏多,登陆的热带气旋偏弱及登陆地点偏南的特点.热带气旋的这些活动特点与西太平洋副高、赤道东太平洋海温、中纬度大气环流及赤道辐合带的变化等有密...     

中国锰矿成矿规律初探-陈毓川院士八十华诞专辑

中国锰矿资源较丰富,资源量排名在世界上位列第5.中国锰矿种类多样,有海相沉积型、火山-沉积型、碳酸盐岩中热水沉积型(或“层控”型)、与岩浆作用有关的热液型、受变质型及表生型.其中,海相沉积型占资源量的71.4％,表生型占15.7％,是最主要的两种类型.中国锰矿广泛分布于“泛扬子区”、华北陆块的燕辽地区以及天山和祁连山部分地区,尤以“泛扬子区”为最,并具分布广泛又相对集中的总体特征.中国的成锰时代多,中—新元古代、早古生代(寒武纪、奥陶纪)、晚古生代—早中生代是中国锰矿形成的重要时代.中国锰矿时-空分布的主要特征是“北锰南迁”:中元古代锰矿主要产于华北陆块的燕辽裂谷带,新元古代—古生代锰矿主要产于“泛扬子区”的大陆边缘盆地或台内盆地中.大型、超大型锰矿床或锰矿田的形成,受控于非构造期盆地性质、古海洋结构、古海水性质及海平面升降等因素,其形成环境存在一定的相似性及同源性.     

桂西荣华锰矿控矿因素和矿层划分研究

桂西是我国最重要的锰矿富集地区之一。近年来在德保县荣华乡新发现了锰帽型矿床,锰矿体赋存于中三叠统百逢组碎屑岩系中。前人对该层位的锰矿研究很少,本文首次结合深部钻探工程,对矿床控矿因素及矿层空间展布进行了研究。钻探工程识别出了6个矿层,其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ矿层稳定,空间上延续性较好。荣华锰矿床的形成是地层岩性、构造条件、地貌特征与古气候因素等多种因素综合作用的结果。矿体的空间展布、规模及其形态等主要受地层和构造因素控制,而该区持续的温暖潮湿气候和有利的地形地貌因素是后期氧化锰矿富集的重要条件。深部钻探工程揭示了原生碳酸锰矿(品位:6.65%~8.20%)的存在,该区深部碳酸锰矿具有较大找矿潜力。     

大口径深井取心钻进活动套管技术方法的探讨

在大口径深井取心钻进施工中,为了提高钻进效率、改善钻柱受力条件、封隔不稳定地层等,经常会下入活动套管。由于深井地层复杂、应力较大,井斜和井壁稳定性不易控制,如何保证安全、顺利地起、下活动套管,防止活动套管事故便成为施工中的突出问题。着重介绍了在施工过程中下入活动套管的技术方法及相关措施,并就施工过程中可能出现的相关问题提出了解决办法和思路。     

卡尔曼滤波在阳山金矿控制测量中的应用

利用卡尔曼滤波数学模型对甘肃省文县阳山金矿带安坝矿段的7个控制点测得的GPS信号、星历和残差进行优化,通过对卫星星历信号图、卫星残差图、矢量表、标准误差表和后验协方差矩阵表几个方面对未使用卡尔曼滤波和使用卡尔曼滤波两种情况得到的数据进行比较,从而得出以下结论:在同一时间、同一地点、同一天气的情况下使用卡尔曼滤波模型能大大提高控制测量的精度。     

基于Kjartansson模型的反Q滤波

利用Ｋｊａｒｔａｎｓｓｏｎ提出的数学模型，建立包含有衰减和频散的正演模型。从这个模型出发，推导出适合于处理非平稳地震记录的反Ｑ滤波。用该方法不仅能补偿振幅的衰减，而且还能消除频散。通过对实际资料的处理，其结果是令人满意的。最后，给出了在最佳意义下的反Ｑ滤波方法。