Mercury indicating inflow zones and ruptures along the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake fault

Acta Geochimica - During the Wenchuan Fault Scientific Drilling Project, we determined the values of total mercury (HgT) and gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) from drilled cores and drilling mud,...     

A molecular dynamics study of uranyl-carbonate complexes adsorbed on basal surfaces of clay minerals

Acta Geochimica - We use molecular dynamics simulation to study the mechanisms involved in the adsorption of aqueous uranyl species ( $$ {\text{UO}}_{2}^{2 + } $$ ) to the basal surfaces of clay...     

Raman Micro-Spectroscopic Study of Sulfate Ion in the System Na2SO4 – H2O

This work aims to quantify sulfate ion concentrations in the system Na₂SO₄-H₂O using Raman micro-spectroscopy.Raman spectra of sodium sulfate solutions with known concentrations were collected at ambient temperature（293 K） and in the 500 cm^₁-4000 cm^-1 spectral region.The results indicate that the intensity of the SO₄^2- band increases with increasing concentrations of sulfate ion.A linear correlation was found between the concentration of SO₄^2-（c） and parameter I₁,which represents the ratio of the area of the SO₄^2- band to that of the O-H stretching band of water（A_s/A_w）:I₁=-0.00102+0.01538 c.Furthermore,we deconvoluted the O-H stretching band of water(2800 cm^-1-3800 cm^-1) at 3232 and 3430 cm^-1 into two sub-Gaussian bands,and then defined Raman intensity of the two sub-bands as A_Bi(3232 cm^-1) and A_B2(3430 cm^-1),defined the full width of half maximum（FWHM） of the two sub-bands as W_B1(3232 cm^-1) and W_B2(3430 cm^-1).A linear correlation between the concentration of SO₄^2-（c） and parameter I₂,which represents the ratio of Raman intensity of SO₄^2-（A_s）(in 981 cm^-1) to(A_B1+A_B2),was also established:I₂=-0.0111+0.3653 c.However,no correlations were found between concentration of SO₄^2-（c） and FWHM ratios,which includes the ratio of FWHM of SO₄^2-（W_s） to W_B1 W_B2 and W_B1+B2(the sum of W_B1 and W_B2),suggesting that FWHM is not suitable for quantitative studies of sulfate solutions with Raman spectroscopy.A comparison of Raman spectroscopic studies of mixed Na₂SO₄ and NaCI solutions with a constant SO₄^2- concentration and variable CI^- concentrations suggest that the I\ parameter is affected by CI^-,whereas the I₂ parameter was not.Therefore,even if the solution is not purely Na₂SO₄-H₂O,SO₄^2- concentrations can still be calculated from the Raman spectra if the H₂O band is deconvoluted into two sub-bands,making this method potentially applicable to analysis of natural fluid inclusions.     

我国城市规划中气候信息应用回顾与展望

城市规划中气候信息的应用经历了从早期的风玫瑰图利用到考虑风、温、湿、压等要素的气候适宜性分析以及目前关注城市通风环境、热环境以及污染敏感区的城市环境气候图技术的历程。气候信息获得的途径也从数量极为有限的基本气象观测站资料到空间加密的自动气象站资料、更精细的气象数值模式以及精细化地理信息技术的应用。同时,细化的技术导则和规范的建立以及不同行业间的联合发文有力推动了气候信息的实际应用。此外,研究展示了近年开展的伊犁、深圳、北京实际案例主要内容。最后,针对未来我国将根据大气环流特征和生态环境承载能力、走优化城镇空间布局和城镇规模结构的新型城镇化道路,从工作层面和技术层面给出了需要不断完善并深入研究的几个重点。     

An Review of International Climate Change Conference and Analysis on Recent Hot Issues

The international climate change negotiation has been carried out over 20 years. The issue of climate change has shifted from a scientific question into a complex political matter which is related to the sustainable development of mankind. Based on the overview of major processes and stages of international climate conferences, this paper analyzed the key measures that major countries have taken to address climate change, as well as the primary tasks of Paris climate conference and recent international actions. The recent international climate policy issues were also analyzed in order to provide suggestions for China’s activel participation in the development of a new round of international climate change system.     

坝基软弱结构面工程特性的动态研究方法与应用

水电工程具有规模大、施工快、地质缺陷不易揭露等特点,特别是对于水电工程的安全运营至关重要的深层抗滑稳定性问题.基于上述原因,本文以金沙江观音岩水电站为例,借助坝基开挖,总结出工程地质条件软弱结构面展布特征动态评价软弱结构面参数动态取值坝基稳定性评价这一套坝基软弱结构面动态评价方法,并以软弱结构面展布特征与参数动态研究为核心,建立起合理的坝基深层抗滑稳定性评价方法.实践表明,该套方法能合理地评价重力坝抗滑稳定性问题,保证水电工程的安全运营.     

南北构造带北部石炭纪东西沉积边界分合演变及其地质意义

南北构造带是中国大陆地质构造及深部过程和地表系统的重要分界线,也是地震活动的多发地带,对其在前中生代是否存在、不同时期各区带的构造属性和联系研究薄弱。文中以南北构造带北部为研究对象,重点讨论其中南段,探讨研究区石炭纪地质构造特征及其与具分区意义的南北构造带形成演化的联系。研究表明,在石炭纪,今南北构造带北部所在地区处于伸展裂陷环境,断裂活动强烈,总体控制着河西走廊—北祁连沉积域的东界和隆拗格局及沉积厚度等变化。南北构造带北部及其西沉积区的断裂活动和沉积演化,经历了前黑山期初始裂陷、臭牛沟期进一步(向北)扩张、土坡期沉积-沉降鼎盛及太原期衰减4个阶段。其中于晚石炭世土坡晚期(本溪期)和太原期,东(华北)、西沉积域的沉积范围均向南北构造带北部扩展,先后经历了北部连通到全部相通的演变过程。石炭纪各期诸断裂与中、新生代断裂在位置和方向上具有明显的相关性,反映二者成生和演化联系密切。南北构造带北部及邻区,在石炭纪主要时期分隔华北和河西走廊—北祁连两大沉积域,东、西沉积域的沉积边界在该区带的分合演变和建造特征及断裂的主控因素,显示该区带在石炭纪已属具明显分区作用的重要地质构造单元,为此后南北构造带北部的进一步发展演化和重要的构造地位奠定了基础。     

五台山蒋村地区四集庄组——对滹沱群时代的再限定

滹沱群是华北最典型的古元古界地层之一,限定其时代对建立早期地层年代格架和探讨华北早前寒武纪地质演化过程意义重大。本文对五台山地区蒋村镇附近的滹沱群地层进行了详细研究,从与蒋村砾岩中石英斑岩砾石相同的基岩中选取了2件石英斑岩样品,并获得其锆石U-Pb年龄结果分别为(2166±17)Ma和(2138±17)Ma。据此,限定蒋村地区碎屑沉积岩时代应小于2138 Ma。结合四集庄组底部发育厚层的砾岩和区域内2.2~2.1 Ga岩浆事件,我们进一步认为滹沱群底界年龄为~2.2 Ga。由于滹沱群豆村亚群和东冶亚群经历了同期褶皱变形作用,而侵入于蒋村四集庄组未变形正长花岗岩脉的锆石U-Pb年龄结果为(1816±18)Ma。因此,本文限定豆村亚群、东冶亚群的时代为2.2~1.82 Ga。石英斑岩中锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析结果为176Lu/177Hf为0.000717~0.002239,176Hf/177Hf为0.281399~0.281563,其176Hf/177Hfi为0.281315~0.281496和εHf(t)为–3.37~4.11,变化范围较大,初步认为其源自于新太古代早期上地壳的部分熔融并有地幔物质添加。     

冻融条件下浅层黄土中温度与水分的空间变化相关性

黄土高原是西北典型的季节性冻土区,在黄土斜坡冻结和融解过程中土体内的温度、水分变化显著,导致土体中含水量及地下水位发生相应的变化,诱发一系列的滑坡、崩塌等地质环境问题。选择甘肃永靖县黑方台黄土斜坡为研究区,原位监测冻结至融解过程中黄土的温度和含水量,研究冻融条件下黄土斜(边)坡冻结层温度和水分及变化特征及其关系。结果表明,本次监测点黄土冻结深度为52cm,黄土剖面温度表现为3个特征带:温度稳定传递带、温度变动带、温度交替显著带。温度在黄土斜(边)坡冻融过程中对水分具有控制性作用,含水量随温度变化划分为3个阶段:1小于2℃,含水量随温度呈现非线性递增趋势;22~6℃,含水量随温度呈现波动性下降;3大于6℃,水分由小幅增加直至稳定,温度影响权重减小。随着冻结土层完全融解,被冻结水分融解后向下运移,最终导致剖面含水量急剧增加,因此,冻结至融解过程中含水量发生急剧增加,是导致浅层黄土滑塌的重要因素。     

内蒙古北山额济纳旗小红山钒钛磁铁矿床SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年及其意义

小红山钒钛磁铁矿床是近年内蒙古北山地区新发现的一个中型钒钛磁铁矿床,含矿辉长岩体侵位于蓟县系平头山组,岩体具全岩矿化,工业矿体主要赋存于中粗粒辉长岩中。采用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年方法对小红山中粗粒辉长岩体进行了年代学研究,获得该岩体的锆石微区原位SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为424±6Ma,表明小红山钒钛磁铁矿成岩成矿事件发生于中志留世。该时期钒钛磁铁矿床的发现,揭示了北山地区早古生代处于陆缘裂谷环境,这对研究和认识北山地区地质构造演化及开展岩浆矿床找矿具有重要意义。