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11.
12.
Root structure,distribution and biomass in five multipurpose tree species of Western Himalayas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
【Title】
【Author】
【Addresses】1
The tree root distribution pattern and biomass of seventeen year old trees of Grewia optiva, Morus alba, Celtis australis, Bauhinia variegata and Robinia pseudoacacia were studied by excavation method. B. variegata roots penetrated to a maximum depth of 4.78 m, whereas, M. alba roots were found down to 1.48 m depth. Lateral spread was minimum in B. variegata (1.10 m)and maximum inR. pseudoacacia (7.33 m). Maximum root biomass of 6.30 kg was found in R. pseudoacacia and minimum (2.43 kg) was found in M. alba. For four species viz.,G. optiva, M. alba, C. australis andR. pseudoacacia, 68%-87% root biomass occurred within top 0-30 cm soil depth, but forB. variegata this was only45%. The soil binding factor was maximum in G. optiva and minimum in B. variegata. Soil physico-chemical properties also showed wide variation. The study suggests thatB. variegata with a deep root system is the most suitable species for plantation under agroforestry systems. R. pseudoacacia and G. optiva with deep root systems, more lateral spread and high soil binding factor are suitable for plantation on degraded lands for soil conservation. 相似文献
【Author】
【Addresses】1
The tree root distribution pattern and biomass of seventeen year old trees of Grewia optiva, Morus alba, Celtis australis, Bauhinia variegata and Robinia pseudoacacia were studied by excavation method. B. variegata roots penetrated to a maximum depth of 4.78 m, whereas, M. alba roots were found down to 1.48 m depth. Lateral spread was minimum in B. variegata (1.10 m)and maximum inR. pseudoacacia (7.33 m). Maximum root biomass of 6.30 kg was found in R. pseudoacacia and minimum (2.43 kg) was found in M. alba. For four species viz.,G. optiva, M. alba, C. australis andR. pseudoacacia, 68%-87% root biomass occurred within top 0-30 cm soil depth, but forB. variegata this was only45%. The soil binding factor was maximum in G. optiva and minimum in B. variegata. Soil physico-chemical properties also showed wide variation. The study suggests thatB. variegata with a deep root system is the most suitable species for plantation under agroforestry systems. R. pseudoacacia and G. optiva with deep root systems, more lateral spread and high soil binding factor are suitable for plantation on degraded lands for soil conservation. 相似文献
13.
Annika Nolte Malte Eley Matthias Schöniger David Gwapedza Jane Tanner Sukhmani Kaur Mantel Konstantin Scheihing 《水文研究》2021,35(6):e14264
To increase the resilience of regional water supply systems in South Africa in the face of anticipated climatic changes and a constant increase in water demand, water supply sources require diversification. Many water-stressed metropolitan regions in South Africa depend largely on surface water to cover their water demand. While climatic and river discharge data is widely available in these regions, information on groundwater resources – which could support supply source diversification – is scarce. Groundwater recharge is a key parameter that is used to estimate groundwater amounts that can be sustainably exploited at a sub-watershed level. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a reliable hydrological modelling routine that enables the assessment of regional spatio-temporal variations of groundwater recharge to discern the most promising areas for groundwater development. Accordingly, we present a semi-distributed hydrological modelling approach that incorporates water balance routines coupled with baseflow modelling techniques to yield spatio-temporal variations of groundwater recharge on a regional level. The approach is demonstrated for the actively managed catchment areas of the Amathole Water Supply System situated in a semi-arid part of the Eastern Cape of South Africa. In the investigated study area, annual groundwater recharge exhibits a high spatio-temporal heterogeneity and is estimated to vary between ~0.5% and 8% of annual rainfall. Despite some uncertainties induced by limited data availability, calibration and validation of the model were found to be satisfactory and yielded model results similar to (point) data of annual groundwater recharge reported in earlier studies. Our approach is therefore found to derive crucial information for efficiently targeting more detailed groundwater exploration studies and could work as a blueprint for orientating groundwater potential exploration in similar environments. 相似文献
14.
The study to establish the optimum time span for distinguishing Avena ludoviciana from wheat crop based on their spectral signatures was carried out at Student’s Research Farm, Department of Agronomy during
2006–07 and 2007–08. The experimental sites during both the seasons were sandy loam in texture, with normal soil reaction
and electrical conductivity, low in organic carbon and available nitrogen and medium in available phosphorus and potassium.
The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications and consisting of twelve treatments comprising
0, 10, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250 plants m−2 and a pure Avena ludoviciana plot (Tmax). The results revealed that in all the treatments irrespective of wheat and weeds, the red reflectance (%) value decreased
from 34 to 95 DAS (days after sowing) in 2006–07 and 45 DAS to 100 DAS during 2007–08, and thereafter a sharp increase was
observed in all the treatments. This trend might be due to increased chlorophyll index after 34 DAS as red reflectance was
reduced by chlorophyll absorption. Among all the treatments, Tmax (Pure Avena ludoviciana plot) had the highest red reflectance and T0 (Pure wheat plot) had a lowest value of red reflectance during both the years. The highest value of IR reflectance was obtained
at 95 DAS (2006–07) and 70 DAS (2007–08) in all the treatments. IR reflectance of wheat crop ranged between 24.61 and 61.21
per cent during 2006–07 and 27.33 and 67.3 per cent during 2007–08. However, IR reflectance values declined after 95 DAS and
70 DAS up to harvesting during 2006–07 and 2007–08. This lower reflectance may have been due to the onset of senescence. The
highest RR and NDVI values were recorded under pure wheat treatment and minimum under pure weed plots. This may be due to
dark green colour and better vigor of the wheat as compared to Avena ludoviciana. It was observed that by using RR and NDVI, pure wheat can be distinguished from pure populations of Avena ludoviciana after 34 DAS and different levels of weed populations can be discriminated amongst themselves from 68 DAS up to 107 DAS during
both the years of investigation. 相似文献
15.
We propose to adopt a deep learning based framework using generative adversarial networks for ground-roll attenuation in land seismic data. Accounting for the non-stationary properties of seismic data and the associated ground-roll noise, we create training labels using local time–frequency transform and regularized non-stationary regression. The basic idea is to train the network using a few shot gathers such that the network can learn the weights associated with noise attenuation for the training shot gathers. We then apply the learned weights to test ground-roll attenuation on shot gathers, that are not a part of training input to obtain the desired signal. This approach gives results similar to local time–frequency transform and regularized non-stationary regression but at a significantly reduced computational cost. The proposed approach automates the ground-roll attenuation process without requiring any manual input in picking the parameters for each shot gather other than in the training data. Tests on field-data examples verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. 相似文献
16.
17.
Lekshmi S Chattopadhyay Rajib Kaur Manpreet Joseph Susmitha Phani R. Dey A. Mandal R. Sahai A. K. 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2022,147(1-2):205-215
Theoretical and Applied Climatology - In the seamless forecast paradigm, it is hypothesized that the reduction in initial error in the dynamical model forecast would help to reduce forecast error... 相似文献
18.
Prajapati V. K. Khanna M. Singh M. Kaur R. Sahoo R. N. Singh D. K. 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2022,149(1-2):207-220
Theoretical and Applied Climatology - This paper presents a composite approach for drought characterization and monitoring using in situ and remote sensing-based drought indicators. The study was... 相似文献
19.
Parampreet Kaur Naveen Chaudhri I. Raczek A. Kröner A.W. Hofmann M. Okrusch 《Gondwana Research》2011,19(4):1040-1053
The Khetri region forms a late Palaeoproterozoic igneous–metamorphic complex in NE Rajasthan, India. Seven granitoid plutons of the Khetri complex have been studied for zircon U–Pb and Pb–Pb dating along with whole-rock and Nd–Sr isotope geochemistry to provide new constraints on the Palaeoproterozoic magmatic activity in the Aravalli orogen of northwestern India. Most intrusives show evidence of moderate to extreme albitisation forming microcline–albite granite and albite granite, respectively. The rocks are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous, largely ferroan and intraplate A-type granites. The U–Pb zircon ages for four plutons cover a time span of 1732–1682 Ma, whereas Pb–Pb zircon evaporation data for three intrusives indicate minimum emplacement ages between 1671 and 1537 Ma. The Nd–Sr isotopic systematics suggest the involvement of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic crustal components in the petrogenesis of these granitoids. A regional survey of late Palaeoproterozoic ages in the Aravalli orogen provides evidence for a geographically widespread extension-related event in the northwestern Indian shield about 1720–1700 Ma ago. The record of comparable ages and the magmatic history reported in parts of North America and the North China Craton may indicate the significance of this event for the rift tectonics of the hypothetical supercontinent Columbia. 相似文献
20.
The geochemical investigation of sediments deposited in the Renuka Lake basin and its adjoining wetland has shown variation
in the distribution and concentration of major, trace and REEs. The major elements are depleted in the lake in relation to
wetland and that of Post Archaean Australian, Shale (PAAS), except for CaO which is strikingly in excess and has a dilution
effect on SiO2 and other oxides and trace elements. The Wetland sediments, on the other hand, are enriched in Al2O3, Fe2O3, K2O and TiO2 and the latter three show a positive correlation with Al2O3 in both wetland and lake sediments suggesting their association with phyllosilicates and similar source rocks. The enrichment
of Y, Zr, Ni, Th, U and Nb in wetland compared to lake and their similarity with PAAS in the former, suggests more clay fractions
in the wetland. A high Zr/Hf ratio in wetland and lake sediments and a positive correlation of Zr with Y and HREE indicate
Zr control on HREEs. However, higher Zr/Yb and Zr/Th ratios in wetland compared to lake indicate mineral sorting during the
process of lighter particles (clays) being trapped in wetland soil. This is also reflected from negative correlation of GdN/YbN with Al2O3 and a strong positive correlation with SiO2 in wetland sediments. The wetland in this context has a control on lake sediment chemistry. The chondrite normalized REE
patterns are essentially the same for lake as well as wetland sediments but abundance decreases in the former. The similarity
of pattern with that of PAAS and negative Eu anomaly indicates a cratonic source of sediments. In a plot of the individual
samples, wetland samples cluster while lake samples are separated indicating fractionation of lake sediments. A strong positive
correlation of LaN/YbN with Al2O3 and a positive correlation of Zr-∑LREE and Zr-LaN/YbN suggest that LREEs are controlled by both phyllosilicates and zircon. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) indices in lake
sediments and in wetland are higher than PAAS indicating moderate chemical weathering in the source area. The petrography,
lack of felsic magmatic rock fragments, and negative correlation between Zr-(Gd/Yb)C indicate sedimentary source rocks for the detritus. This is in conformity with the Lesser Himalayan sedimentary sequence
belonging to neo-Proterozoic–Proterozoic age and constituting lake catchment of Renuka. The tectonic delineation and discriminant
function plots of lake and wetland sediments indicate their cratonic and/or quartzose sedimentary orogenic terrain source
that has been deposited in a passive margin setting. 相似文献