海洋生物种质库种质技术研究进展Ⅲ--紫菜单孢子无贝壳育苗研究进展

紫菜是世界上最重要的人工栽培海藻,全世界紫菜初级产品的年产值占人工栽培海藻总产值的2／3。目前我国的紫菜栽培面积已跃居世界第一。紫菜育苗是必不可少的生产步骤和关键,决定全年生产的成败,常规的紫菜育苗期通常仅限于每年晚秋的10～20d内,受到海况气象条件和育苗管理水平的制约,不能适时采苗和优质苗网的育成率低,出现苗期大面积病烂的情况是经常发生的,一旦出现这类情况,其后果往往是灾难性的,这正是目前普遍采用传统的紫菜贝壳丝状体室内水槽育苗技术普遍存在的问题,因此,迫切需要加快研究改进。     

The Mg Ⅱ absorption line systems in quasar spectra from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope

Making use of quasar spectra from LAMOST,in the spectral data around the Mg Ⅱ emission lines,research described in this paper has detected 217 Mg Ⅱ narrow absorption lines(NALs) with W_r ~(λ2796)≥3σ_w and W_r~(λ2803)≥ 2σ_w in a redshift range of 0.4554≤z_(abs)≤2.1110.For quasars observed by both LAMOST and SDSS,we find that 135 Mg Ⅱ NALs were obviously observed in the LAMOST spectra,347 Mg Ⅱ NALs were were apparent in the SDSS spectra,and 132 Mg Ⅱ NALs were clearly present in both the SDSS and LAMOST spectra.The missed Mg Ⅱ NALs are likely ascribed to low signal-to-noise ratios of corresponding spectra.Among the Mg 11 NALs obviously observed in SDSS or LAMOST spectra,eight Mg 11 NALs were significantly changed with |ΔW_r ~(λ2796)|≥3σ_w in time intervals of ΔMJD/(1+z_(em))=359-2819 d.     

中晚全新世以来闽江口水下三角洲物质来源及古环境演变

通过对闽江口南侧柱状样沉积物开展高分辨率的粒度、粘土矿物分析及AMS¹⁴C测年,揭示了中晚全新世以来闽江口水下三角洲物质来源及古环境演变。中全新世(7 ka BP—4 ka BP)高海平面时期,梅花水道可能是闽江口南侧陆源物质输运的主要通道,沉积了以砂为主[(58.6±8.7)%]的沉积物,平均粒径为(3.76±0.49)φ,为较高能的沉积环境。期间,增强的浙闽沿岸流携带更多的长江物质沉积到闽江口,导致沉积物中蒙脱石含量增多。然而,到晚全新世(3 ka BP)海平面略有下降,梅花水道衰退,闽江口南侧的水动力条件减弱,形成以粉砂为主[(58.1±4.4)%]的沉积物,平均粒径为(6.30±0.32)φ。晚全新世浙闽沿岸流有所减弱,闽江口沉积物中的蒙脱石含量明显减少,而来自闽江的高岭石含量增加。     

南海北部底层沉积物捕获器中海雪和生物粪粒组成及来源探究

Sediment traps are an important tool for studying the source, composition and sedimentation processes of sinking particulate matter in the ocean. An in situ observational mooring(TJ-A-1) is located in the northern South China Sea(20.05°N, 117.42°E) at a water depth of 2 100 m and equipped with two sediment traps deployed at 500 m and 1 950 m. Samples were collected at 18-day intervals, and 20 samples were obtained at both depths from May 2014 to May 2015. Large amounts of fecal matter and marine snow were collected in the lower trap. The fluxes of marine snow and fecal pellets exhibited a fluctuating decrease between May 2014 and early August 2014 and then stabilized at a relatively low level. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that the main components of the marine snow and fecal pellets were diatoms, coccolithophores, radiolarians, and other debris, all of which are planktons mostly produced in photic zone. Used in conjunction with the particle collection range estimates from the lower trap and data on ocean surface chlorophyll, these marine snow and fecal pellets were related to the lateral transport of deep water and not vertical migrations from overlying water column. Moreover, the source area might be southwest of Taiwan.     

基于ABAQUS的深水连接器连接性能分析

为解决现有深水连接器连接性能研究中力学分析建模不准确,且缺乏抗弯抗扭能力分析的问题,基于ABAQUS有限元分析软件对深水连接器进行三维模型动态仿真分析,对连接器的受力、密封性能以及在实际工程需求中不同内压下的抗弯及抗扭性能进行深入研究。结果表明:在安装及生产两种工况下,深水连接器各部件除密封环外受力均满足其强度设计要求,密封环接触表面发生合理塑性变形,满足密封要求;随着内压的增加,深水连接器的抗弯能力逐渐下降,抗扭能力则呈现增加的趋势;极限弯矩分别在0 MPa与35 MPa内压下的判定依据为密封失效,在14 MPa与52 MPa内压下的判定依据为下毂座屈服,而极限扭矩在不同内压下的判定依据均为密封失效。     

基于微卫星(SSR)分子标记的中国对虾渤海湾增殖亲虾群体及回捕群体的遗传多样性分析

Eight microsatellite markers were used to analyze genetic diversity, level of inbreeding, and effective population size of spawner and recaptured populations of Chinese shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis) during stock enhancement in the Bohai Bay in 2013. A total of 254 and 238 alleles were identified in the spawner and recaptured populations, respectively, and the numbers of alleles(N_a) were 8–63 and 6–60, respectively. The numbers of effective alleles(N_e) were 2.52–21.60 and 2.67–20.72, respectively. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.529 to 0.952. The observed heterozygosity(H_o) values(0.638–0.910 and 0.712–0.927) were lower than the expected heterozygosity(H_e) values(0.603–0.954 and 0.625–0.952), which indicated that the two populations possessed a rich genetic diversity. In 16 tests(2 populations×8 loci), 13 tests deviated from the HardyWeinberg equilibrium. F_(is) values were positive at seven loci and the inbreeding coefficients(F) of the two populations estimated by trio ML were 13.234% and 11.603%, suggesting that there was a relatively high degree of inbreeding. A certain level of inbreeding depression had occurred in the Chinese shrimp population. F_(st) values ranged from 0 to 0.059, with a mean of 0.028, displaying a low level of genetic differentiation in the two populations. Effective population sizes(3 060.2 and 3 842.8) were higher than the minimum number suggested for retaining the evolutionary potential to adapt to new environmental conditions. For enhancement activity in 2014,the ideal number of captured shrimp spawners should have ranged from 7 686 to 19 214 to maintain genetic diversity and effective population size. Further strategies to adjust the balance of economic cost, fishing effort and ideal number of shrimp spawners to maintain a satisfactory effective population size for ensuring the sustainability of Chinese shrimp are proposed.     

环渤海湾海洋资源环境承载力定量研究

环渤海湾地区经济发展迅速但开发利用过度,生态问题突出。本文以社会环境学理论、系统论、可持续发展理论等为基础,建立了环渤海湾海洋资源环境承载力评价指标体系,利用单项评价法,以地级市为基本单位对环渤海湾地区的海洋资源环境承载力进行评价。结果表明滨州市的海洋资源环境承载力较好,其次为唐山市和天津市,沧州市的海洋资源环境承载力较弱。     

韩国“新北方政策”对接“一带一路”倡议：机遇与挑战

韩国“新北方政策”与“一带一路”倡议的对接合作为中韩两国带来了重要发展机遇。文章主要探讨韩国“新北方政策”的内涵及其与“一带一路”倡议对接的进展、机遇与挑战,得出双方对接的合作机遇主要在政策沟通、设施联通、贸易投资和资金融通4个方面,同时也存在着制度性风险、地缘风险和投资合作风险的三大挑战。在具体对接过程中,产业、金融、物流3个领域可能成为突破口。     

平阴县土壤中重金属元素异常成因研究

通过对平阴县周边及其西部农田区采样调查,平阴县周边元素异常具有异常衬度较高,富集系数大等特征,西部农田区异常具有各元素套合关系好,多数异常衬度不高,富集系数小的特点。结果表明,西部农田区异常是以As,Cd为主要成分的异常,元素含量与SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3等常量组分间具有显著的相关性,随SiO2含量的增加而降低,随Al2O3,Fe2O3含量的增加而增加,说明土壤常量组分及其所决定的土壤质地是导致异常形成的主要因素;而平阴城区异常是以S,Hg,As,Zn,Mn等元素为主的异常,是典型的人为综合因素（化工烟尘、工厂污水、生活垃圾）产生的异常。     

Distribution and characteristics of volcanic reservoirs in China

About forty productive oil/gas fields hosted in volcanic reservoirs have been found since 1957 in fourteen basins of China. They can be simply subdivided into two groups, the east and the west. Reservoir volcanic rocks of the east group are predominantly composed of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rhyolite and Tertiary basalt, preferred being considered as rift type volcanics developed in the circum-Pacific tectonic regime. Those of the west are Permo-Carboniferous intermediate/basic volcanic rocks, being island-arc type ones developed in paleo-Asian Ocean tectonic regime.