全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2552篇 |
免费 | 546篇 |
国内免费 | 705篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 183篇 |
大气科学 | 450篇 |
地球物理 | 688篇 |
地质学 | 1494篇 |
海洋学 | 349篇 |
天文学 | 84篇 |
综合类 | 270篇 |
自然地理 | 285篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 20篇 |
2023年 | 49篇 |
2022年 | 136篇 |
2021年 | 157篇 |
2020年 | 106篇 |
2019年 | 123篇 |
2018年 | 162篇 |
2017年 | 134篇 |
2016年 | 155篇 |
2015年 | 142篇 |
2014年 | 135篇 |
2013年 | 152篇 |
2012年 | 147篇 |
2011年 | 158篇 |
2010年 | 161篇 |
2009年 | 147篇 |
2008年 | 110篇 |
2007年 | 120篇 |
2006年 | 80篇 |
2005年 | 99篇 |
2004年 | 64篇 |
2003年 | 72篇 |
2002年 | 68篇 |
2001年 | 73篇 |
2000年 | 112篇 |
1999年 | 151篇 |
1998年 | 88篇 |
1997年 | 129篇 |
1996年 | 92篇 |
1995年 | 63篇 |
1994年 | 65篇 |
1993年 | 88篇 |
1992年 | 58篇 |
1991年 | 47篇 |
1990年 | 27篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 19篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3803条查询结果,搜索用时 156 毫秒
101.
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of benzo[a]pyrene(Ba P) on the detoxification and antioxidant systems of two microalgae,Isochrysis zhanjiangensis and Platymonas subcordiformis.In our study,these two algae were exposed to Ba P for 4 days at three different concentrations including 0.5 μg~(L-1)(low),3 μg~(L-1)(mid) and 18 μg~(L-1)(high).The activity of detoxification enzymes,ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase(EROD) and glutathione S-transferase(GST) increased in P.subcordiformis in all Ba P-treated groups.In I.zhanjiangensis,the activity of these two enzymes increased at the beginning of exposure,and then decreased in the groups treated with mid-and high Ba P.The activity of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase(SOD) increased in I.zhanjiangensis in all Ba P-treated groups,and then decreased in high Ba P-treated group,while no significant change was observed in P.subcordiformis.The activity of antioxidant enzyme catalase(CAT) increased in I.zhanjiangensis and P.subcordiformis in all Ba Ptreated groups.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in Isochrysis zhanjiangensis increased first,and then decreased in high Ba P-treated group,while no change occurred in P.subcordiformis.These results demonstrated that Ba P significantly influenced the activity of detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes in microalgae.The metabolic related enzymes(EROD,GST and CAT) may serve as sensitive biomarkers of measuring the contamination level of Ba P in marine water. 相似文献
102.
103.
Based on the 18-year(1993–2010) National Centers for Environmental Prediction optimum interpolation sea surface temperature(SST) and simple ocean data assimilation datasets,this study investigated the patterns of the SST anomalies(SSTAs) that occurred in the South China Sea(SCS) during the mature phase of the El Ni?o/Southern Oscillation.The most dominant characteristic was that of the outof-phase variation between southwestern and northeastern parts of the SCS,which was influenced primarily by the net surface heat flux and by horizontal thermal advection.The negative SSTA in the northeastern SCS was caused mainly by the loss of heat to the atmosphere and because of the cold-water advection from the western Pacific through the Luzon Strait during El Ni?o episodes.Conversely,it was found that the anomalous large-scale atmospheric circulation and weakened western boundary current during El Ni?o episodes led to the development of the positive SSTA in the southwestern SCS. 相似文献
104.
The Caohai Wetland serves as an important ecosystem on the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau and as a nationally important nature reserve for migratory birds in China. In this study, surface water, groundwater and wetland water were collected for the measurement of environmental isotopes to reveal the seasonal variability of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes (δ18O, δD), sources of water, and groundwater inflow fluxes. Results showed that surface water and groundwater are of meteoric origin. The isotopes in samples of wetland water were well mixed vertically in seasons of both high-flow (September) and low-flow (April); however, marked seasonal and spatial variations were observed. During the high-flow season, the isotopic composition in surface wetland water varied from ?97.13 to ?41.73‰ for δD and from ?13.17 to ?4.70‰ for δ18O. The composition of stable isotopes in the eastern region of this wetland was lower than in the western region. These may have been influenced by uneven evaporation caused by the distribution of aquatic vegetation. During the low-flow season, δD and δ18O in the more open water with dead aquatic vegetation ranged from ?37.11 to ?11.77‰, and from ?4.25 to ?0.08‰, respectively. This may result from high evaporation rates in this season with the lowest atmospheric humidity. Groundwater fluxes were calculated by mass transfer and isotope mass balance approaches, suggesting that the water sources of the Caohai Wetland were mainly from groundwater in the high-flow season, while the groundwater has a smaller contribution to wetland water during the low-flow season. 相似文献
105.
Su Li Cui Jia Ding Wang Xiao Dong Wang Yan Feng Du Xue Pan Wang 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(17):521
In this study, the effects of cement kiln dust (CKD) on the swelling properties, strength properties, and microstructures of CKD-stabilized expansive soil were investigated. Samples were prepared and stabilized with different CKD content ratios, ranging from 0 to 18% by dry mass. The results obtained show that the maximum swelling pressures decrease exponentially with increases in CKD content. Both the cohesion and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) increase at ratios below 10% CKD and then decrease slightly, above that ratio. CKD can also improve the strength of saturated, expansive soil. There is no visible change of UCS for soil without CKD when cured, while the UCS of a sample with 10% CKD content after curing for 90 days is higher than that after curing for only 1 day. This indicates that CKD can improve the long-term strength of expansive soil. Finally, microstructure analysis reveals that the addition of CKD reduces the montmorillonite content of expansive soil and decreases its swelling properties. The addition of CKD also changes the pore volume distribution, both the size and amount of macro-pores and micro-pores decrease with increase in CKD content. For saturated samples, the size of macro-pores is obviously reduced, while that of micro-pores is slightly increased for both treated and untreated soils. Hydration and saturation processes make the soil structure become dispersive which results in a lower strength, and adding CKD can restrain this process. The suggested optimal CKD content is between 10 and 14% and with a curing time of more than 27 days. 相似文献
106.
车排子凸起位于准噶尔盆地扎伊尔山前,是夹持在南部四棵树凹陷和东部沙湾凹陷之间的三角构造带。然而对这个三角构造带是原地掩伏构造,山前推覆构造,还是走滑构造控制形成的认识存在争议。目前对于车排子凸起与沙湾凹陷过渡带的构造变形特征以及变形机制的认识尚不清楚。而过渡带是研究该区构造变形与演化的良好区域,精细研究该区域构造几何学与运动学对于揭示其构造变形机制以及认识盆山之间的关系具有积极作用,并对于该区油气勘探具有重要意义。本文以研究区的连片三维地震资料为基础,运用不整合面识别、轴面分析及平衡剖面等方法,对车排子凸起与沙湾凹陷过渡带进行精细的构造解析、建模与构造复原。研究表明,过渡带发育下二叠统(P1j-P1f),中二叠统(P2x-P2w),上二叠统(P3w),三叠系(T),侏罗系(J),白垩系(K)与古近系-第四系(E-Q)7个构造变形层序。发育佳木河组底部及石炭系内部滑脱层。深部(前二叠系)构造楔发育于整个过渡带,其个数和几何学形态的变化直接影响了上覆背斜形态。构造楔在早二叠世开始楔入,挤压作用持续至三叠纪末期。晚三叠世发育生长地层,显示了P-T构造层褶皱变形的时间,随后三叠纪末期,过渡带受到来自西北缘造山带方向的逆冲推覆构造的叠加作用,表现在后缘发育一系列叠瓦构造,推覆距离约为8 km,南部逆冲断层上盘二叠系-三叠系被剥蚀完全,北部残余少量下二叠统佳木河组。 相似文献
107.
Natural Hazards - The lognormal distribution is commonly used to characterize the aleatory variability of ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA).... 相似文献
108.
碎屑流堆积物颗粒识别和统计是碎屑流灾害的研究重点。文章基于图像处理孔隙(颗粒)及裂隙图像识别与分析系统(PCAS),以贵州纳雍普洒村崩塌-碎屑流为例,结合纳雍崩塌堆积物粒径实测结果,通过阐释识别过程中阈值、孔喉封闭半径、最小孔隙面积的参数意义,研究PCAS软件在碎屑流颗粒识别与统计中的应用,并提出了颗粒识别时这些参数的选取方法。分析结果表明:(1)PCAS能自动准确地识别碎屑流堆积物颗粒与孔隙,相比人工计数更精细,所识别堆积物各区小颗粒比重较大,0~2 m颗粒粒径各区占比都在50%以上;(2)当阈值为170(像素)时能获得精细的二值图像,颗粒与孔隙得到了准确地区分;(3)不同参数取值下获得堆积物颗粒粒径分布结果不同,碎屑流堆积物颗粒识别宜采用较大的孔喉封闭半径和较小孔隙面积,当二者比值为3/30(像素)时能更好地反应颗粒粒径分布情况;(4)PCAS具有较高的可行性,统计结果显示,各粒径含量变化趋势与人工统计相近,两种统计方法各粒径占比、分布规律基本吻合,说明利用PCAS可以实现对崩塌碎屑流颗粒粒径分布的高效便捷分析。 相似文献
109.
在求解非饱和态土中水分入渗问题时,水力函数是体积含水率或者吸力的函数,致使其控制方程呈现出强非线性的特征,进而使得其求解变得十分困难。基于水分在土体介质中流动耗时取极值路径的选择这一假定,引入时间泛函,基于变分法原理将水平入渗问题转化为泛函极值问题。通过求解Euler–Lagrange方程,结合边界条件,得到非线性瞬态水平入渗问题的显式解析解。结合Brooks-Corey型水力函数,显式地求解出该类型非饱和态土的体积含水率发展分布规律。通过计算4种不同类型土体的水平入渗规律,将求解结果与已有结果以及数值结果进行对比,验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明:体积含水率分布与位置距离和湿润峰距离比值呈幂函数关系,指数取决于土-水特征曲线的形状参数;初始条件与边界条件会对体积含水率分布造成不同程度的影响。 相似文献
110.
桐城作为合肥经济圈成员之一、长江经济协作区腹地,地质资源丰富,地质环境复杂,城市地质资源与城市地质环境统筹协调发展是城市地质工作的重要组成部分,是保障城市健康持续发展的基础.通过查明桐城市地质资源、主要环境地质问题,结合地方发展建设需求,按照均衡桐城市资源开发、环境保护与生态治理,综合统筹桐城市健康持续发展的思路,将桐城市划分生态保护区、特色农业区和工程建设区,并提出地质资源开发与地质环境保护协调发展的对策建议.生态保护区以保护为主,建议发展桐城小花等特色农业,合理开发地质遗迹与矿产资源;特色农业区以农业生产为主,对湿地资源开展保护;工程建设区是桐城市城镇和工程建设最适宜区. 相似文献