基于正交小波变换的海底地形复杂程度分类方法研究

给出了量化的海底地形复杂程度分类指标,并利用正交小波变换所具有的良好的图像识别与分类特点建立了包含18种典型海底的特征海底分类库,同时给出了海底地形复杂程度分类算法.通过分类算法将计划测量海区海底与特征海底分类库中的海底进行分类匹配,确定了计划测量海区海底的海底地形复杂程度.实例验证了该方法的有效性和适用性.     

国家标准《国家基本比例尺地图编绘规范第1部分:1∶25 000 1∶50 000 1∶1 00 000地形图》修订说明

改变传统的地形图缩编工艺,利用已有的地形数据进行较小比例尺地形图的编绘已成为当前内业制图的主要作业方法。因此修订有关地形图编绘规范标准时应在编绘的作业方法与技术规定等方面适应数字地形图缩编的要求。介绍了该系列标准的结构调整及标准修订工作情况,提出了标准的修订原则,并对标准的修订进行了说明。     

Quickbird遥感影象在土地利用类型整理中的应用——以四川遂宁市安居区为例

利用获取的四川遂宁市安居区东禅镇大面积相对准确的土地利用类型信息,建立土地分类的影象解译标志,然后在室内采用人工目视与人机交互式相结合的方法,提取土地利用现状信息。Quickbird影象分辨率高,但如何提高分类的精度和速度,是值得探讨的问题。     

柴达木盆地西南部砂6井第三系沉积相研究

结合前人的研究成果,运用野外地质剖面、测井相标志的研究方法,对柴达木盆地西南第三系沉积相进行了较全面、系统的研究,描述了柴达木盆地砂6井第三系主要发育的三种沉积相及发育的主要类型,指出了研究区内有利于油气生成和储集的沉积相类型。     

油气自电法在东胜地区隐蔽油砂矿勘探中的应用

在隐蔽油砂矿上方地表,存在着与之对应关系良好的负电位天然场,可以用于发现隐蔽油砂矿的平面位置.但在对其观测的过程中,"接地电位"、"日变"等可严重影响油砂自电异常的解释和应用效果.数据采集精度和处理技术问题,已成为影响利用该方法勘查油气及油砂矿有效性及可靠性的"瓶颈"问题.通过大量实践和研究解决上述问题,取得了良好的效果.在鄂尔多斯盆地东胜地区利用油气自电法进行了油砂勘查试验,其结果通过钻探得到了证实,为隐蔽油砂矿的勘查提供了一种经济有效的方法.     

基于GPS技术监测高层建筑物变形的研究

以武汉大学信息学部教学实验大楼为实验对象,分析了大楼在N、E、U方向上的每h变化、d变化及变形规律,阐明GPS技术在高层建筑变形监测中的应用。     

浅谈太湖流域饮用水安全与地下水保护

太湖流域经济发达,人口稠密,如管理不善将引发水污染严重、水环境恶化和水质型缺水等水问题,对饮用水安全构成威胁。因此,地下水在保障太湖流域饮用水安全中的作用就显得特别重要,提出了太湖流域地下水保护的对策措施。     

Solubility of Pt and Pd sulfides and Au metal in aqueous bisulfide solutions

An experimental study of the solubility of Pt and Pd sulfides and Au metal in aqueous bisulfide solutions was conducted at temperatures from 200° to 350 °C and at saturated vapor pressure. A 500-mL Bridgemantype pressure vessel constructed of titanium, and equipped with a motor-driven magnetic stirrer was employed. The pH and the oxidation state were buffered by the coexistence of H₂S/HS^–/SO _inf4 ^sup2– . The pH at temperature was calculated to be in the range 5.91–9.43, and S was 0.3–2.2 m. Under the experimental conditions, the measured solubility of gold is about two to three orders of magnitude greater than that of either platinum and palladium, and the measured solubility of platinum is, in general, approximately equal to that of palladium, in molal units. The solubilities are found to be in the range: platinum 4–800 ppb, palladium 1–400 ppb, and gold 2–300 ppm. The solubility data can be modeled adequately using the following reactions: Au+H₂S+HH^–=Au(HS) ₂ ^– +1/2H₂ (K₁₄); PtS+HS^–+H⁺=Pt (HS) ₂ ⁰ (K₁₅); PdS+HS^–+H⁺=Pd (HS) ₂ ⁰ (K₁₆); PtS₂+H₂=Pt (HS) ₂ ⁰ (K₂₁).With equilibrium constants determined as follows (errors represent two standard deviations): Preliminary measurements of the solubilities of metallic Pt, Pd and Au as hydroxide complexes were also conducted using a second titanium pressure vessel, at temperatures of 200° to 350 °C and vapor saturation pressure, with pH and the oxidation state controlled or buffered by adding known amounts of NaOH and H₂ gas. The concentration of NaOH was in the range 0.01–1.3 m, and the partial pressure of H₂ at 200 °C was 62–275 bars, initially. Under the temperature and pressure conditions of these experiments, the solubility of platinum in 1 m NaOH solution is less than 100 ppb, that of palladium is less than 10 ppb and that of gold is less than 0.2 ppm; and in 0.01 m NaOH solutions, both Pt and Pd solubilities are less than 1 ppb. These data indicate that the contributions of hydroxide complexes to the total solubilities in the bisulfide runs, where the pH was in the range of 5.9–9.4, are negligible. The concentrations of both Pt and Pd as bisulfide complexes in the Salton Sea geothermal system predicted using the stability constants determined in this work agree very well with those values measured by McKibben et al. (1990). This calculation strongly suggests that the PGE are transported in moderately reducing, near neutral hydrothermal fluids as bisulfide complexes, as is gold. However, the much lower maximum solubility of the PGE relative to gold severely constrains models of re genesis, and may explain the relative rarity of hydrothermal PGE deposits compared to the relative abundance of hydrothermal Au deposits.     

Intrinsic sample methods for mineral exploration and resource assessment

We report on an objective methodology, referred to as intrinsic sample methodology, for the delineation of exploration target areas or resource areas for assessment. Important features of the methodology include (1) identification of recognition criteria for critical genetic factors, (2) synthesis of new variables from enhanced geodata, (3) estimation of logit probability models, and (4) cutting of estimated logit probabilities to delineate exploration targets or resource areas. The methodology is demonstrated on the Walker Lake quadrangle of Nevada and California.