Experimental and numerical investigation on the effect of moisture on coal permeability

Coalbed methane is a kind of clean energy source and also a kind of hazardous gas threatening the safety of coal mine production. Permeability is a key parameter to evaluate gas migration capability. However, the permeability is influenced by moisture content. Here, a series of seepage experiments were conducted to analyze the development tendency of flux and permeability to reveal the impact mechanism. Experimental results show that permeability tends to be a sharp drop with increasing moisture, but it had a slight fluctuation with relative gas pressure increasing under the constant mean effective stress. Considering the effect of moisture and gas sorption, a new gas–solid coupling model was developed based on experimental results and theoretical analysis and was implemented into FEM software for simulation. The numerical results of the new gas–solid coupling model were in good accordance with the experimental results and have a priority to cube law in precision. This study reveals that, on the one hand, the moisture can influence the adsorption-induced strain and, on the other hand, it can lead to a significant decrease in porosity due to pore volume occupation.     

基于FY-3的格陵兰岛冰盖表面冻融探测方法研究

格陵兰岛的冰盖对全球气候有着极为重要的意义,冰盖的冻融情况可直观展示北极地区的气候变化状况。利用我国FY-3气象卫星的微波成像仪(Microwave Radiation Imager,MWRI)数据,基于增加干湿雪差异性的交叉极化比率(Cross-Polarized Gradient Ratio,XPGR)算法,通过支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)的超平面进行格陵兰岛冰盖表面冻融探测,与已有的阈值方法相比,理论上精度较高。与微波辐射计(Special Sensor Microwave Image,SSM/I)(阈值为–0.025)的数据结果进行对比验证,结果表明:XPGR结合SVM的格陵兰岛冰盖表面冻融探测方法是可行的。     

Quantification of both normal and right‐lateral late Quaternary activity along the Kongur Shan extensional system,Chinese Pamir

The Kongur Shan Extensional System (KES) is a ~250 km long normal fault system that bounds the Muji–Tashkorgan basin of the Chinese Pamir. It accommodates E–W extension due to the northward indentation of the Pamir salient, and its late Miocene activity has been the focus of tectonic studies. While the KES has a main normal component, ~WNW–ESE‐striking segments have an additional right‐lateral strike‐slip component. Here, we quantify late Quaternary horizontal and vertical slip rates at three locations along the KES, where active faults cut and offset abandoned geomorphic features. We find rates of >3–4 mm a^?1 (horizontal) along the western Muji fault in the north and of ~1.7 mm a^?1 (vertical) and ~1 mm a^?1 (horizontal) along the Kongur Shan fault in the south during the late Pleistocene. These rates are consistent with GPS and late Miocene rates, and imply that E–W extension in the Muji–Tashkorgan basin is faster in the north than in the south.     

The Distribution of Trace Elements-Organic Ligands in Seawater and Factors Influencing Their Complexation

Organic metal-binding ligands represent an essential role in the bioavailability of trace elements since they govern the species and sizes of those elements in seawater. The distribution and properties of organic ligands in seawater as well as the factors influencing their complexation abilities were summarized in this paper. Most organic ligands exist in the low molecular weight fraction, and their concentration nearshore is often higher than that of open ocean while the vertical distribution varies in different areas. The complexation of trace elements and organic ligands is influenced by several factors such as molecular weight of organic ligands, salinity, pH, biological activities and redox conditions. Ligand with a lower molecular weight usually represents stronger complexation ability, whereas the opposite seems to be true sometimes due to the specific affinity between some elements and ligands. Increasing salinity lowers the electrostatic repulsion among adjacent functional groups of ligands and thus decreases their complexing rate, yet increasing pH promotes the ionization of organic ligands and results in the formation of more complexes. The utilization of phytoplankton and degradation of microorganism release more low molecular weight organic ligands while more high molecular weight ligands are released from marine organisms under heavy metal stress. Therefore, sufficient significance should be attached to characterizing the structure and molecular weight of organic ligands and exploring the interaction between trace elements and organic ligands and the influence of related marine factors on their behaviors, which will certainly help us to understand the global biogeochemical cycles and ecological significance of trace elements.     

莱州湾西南部表层沉积物粒度分布特征及其现代沉积环境分区

根据莱州湾西南部207个表层沉积物样品的粒度分析结果,对莱州湾西南部沉积物粒度分布特征进行了研究,在此基础上应用系统聚类分析方法并结合物源及水动力条件探讨了其现代沉积环境分区。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物类型以粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂和粉砂为主,分布范围最广的粉砂主要位于淄脉沟以北;沉积物平均粒径由近岸向莱州湾中部逐渐变细,从南向北呈现粗—细—粗的变化趋势;研究区现代沉积环境分为高能粉砂质砂粗粒沉积区、砂质粉砂过渡沉积区以及低能粉砂细粒沉积区,其水动力环境表现为波浪作用逐渐减弱,潮流作用逐渐增强,沉积物物源由近岸河流、岸滩侵蚀来沙为主变为以黄河悬浮—再悬浮物质为主。     

水位随机气压效率的地震前兆异常研究

对在大气压力的随机气压变化作用下深井水位变化特点进行分析研究，在前人工作的基础上，提出可以利用大气压力的随机气压变化进行水位气压效率的计算。该方法较以往各种计算方法排除干扰能力强，计算方便，地震前兆异常突出，是水位气压效率地震前兆预报方法中能够应用于日常地震监测的方法之一。     

Evolution Mechanism and Rainfall Warning Criteria for Maijianwo Slope in Henan Province,China

In this study, two different research methods are applied to investigate the evolution mechanism and rainfall warning criteria for Maijianwo slope located in Henan Province, China. On the one hand, an indoor-model test is performed under artificial rainfall and based on similarity theory. A set of monitoring system is utilized to track the moisture content, deformation and cracks of critical points of the model during the test. On the other hand, the numerical simulation is carried out to provide an insight into the variation of unstable zone and factor of safety for the landslide with the increasing cumulative rainfall. Results indicate that the evolution process of Maijianwo slope is composed of three stages of initiating, accelerating and failure respectively, and stability of slope decreases gradually as cumulative rainfall increases. Based on the evolution mechanism of retrogressive landslide verified by both model test and numerical simulation, cracking time of critical positions on the slope prior to each stage were set as the initiating time of each stage and the cumulative rainfall associated with each initiating time (E₁ = 75 mm, E₂ = 180 mm) has been defined as the warning criteria for the Maijianwo slope. As the cumulative rainfall in Maijianwo slope reaches 75 and 180 mm, the landslide orange and red warning codes are issued, respectively. Otherwise, the slope is in a safe condition when the cumulative rainfall is less than 75 mm.     

海洋资源环境承载能力监测预警指标体系和技术方法示范性验证及修改建议——以天津市汉沽海域为例

文章采用《海洋资源环境承载能力监测预警指标体系和技术方法指南(草案稿)》(以下简称《技术指南》)开展了天津汉沽海域海洋资源环境承载能力评估试点研究与示范性验证,验证了《技术指南》中指标体系、评估阈值与评估方法的适用性,根据验证结果提出了相应的修改建议。建议:一是调整海洋空间资源承载能力影响因子;二是海洋环境承载状况建议以区域近10年水质达标率最大值作为可载的判断标准并增加沉积物综合污染指数;三是海洋生态承载状况指标建议采用游泳动物生物量指标,增加浮游生物、底栖生物指标并建议以区域10年平均值为基准;四是生态环境风险状态考虑赤潮面积;五是指标权重值确定建议采用层次分析法。综合考虑生态系统的完整性以及区域特点重新构建了天津汉沽海域海洋资源环境承载能力评估模型,该模型得出的评估结果总体上略好于《技术指南》。上述研究成果可为进一步完善国家海洋资源环境承载能力监测预警工作提供技术支撑。     

利用数字化速度记录仿真加速度时程与合成场地设计地震波

研究利用测震台网数字化宽频带速度型记录仿真加速度时程,并通过提取其相位信息和拟合场地设计反应谱(目标谱)的方法来获得场地设计地震波的有关技术途径与应用实例,所提供的具体算式采用便于编程和利用快速傅氏变换(FFT)技术进行计算的离散化傅氏正逆变换的复数表达式。有关研究结果可拓宽现有地震观测资料的使用价值,减少地面运动模拟中人造地震波与原始地震记录存在的差异,并可使所合成的设计地震波满足给定的目标谱,且能较好地反映其非平稳性特征,因此在地震工程中具有实际的应用价值。