赤道西太平洋大气热结构及对流层顶变化特征的分析

本文主要利用TOGA-COARE强化观测期间“实验３”号船的探空资料,经分析发现:赤道西太平洋暖池中心区,对流层大气平均温度直减率为0.62～0.74℃/100 m,但是,在西风爆发期间,一般不低于0.68℃ /100 m;对流活动的强弱对对流层顶有重要影响;对流层顶与500 hPa、200 hPa等压面温度存在显著线性相关;平流层下部有逆温层、降温层交替出现的成层现象。 分析还发现,日平均的500 hPa、200 hPa温度、对流层顶、对流层顶上第一逆温层的厚度和逆温强度,都具有20～40天振荡的特征。文章分析认为,上述有关赤道西太平洋暖池区大气热结构的基本特征,体现了热带西太平洋夏半球大气的状况;积云对流活动对大气对流层中上部温度、对流层顶以及平流层下部的20～40天振荡的形成有重要影响。     

Distribution and speciation of mercury in surficial sediments from main mangrove wetlands in China

The purpose of this study was to establish the distribution, speciation and bioavailability of mercury in mangrove sediments. A systemic survey of surficial sediments from 13 mangrove wetlands of China was carried out. Hg concentrations ranged from 2.3–903.6 ng g⁻¹, with an average value of 189.4 ng g⁻¹. Of the 13 areas surveyed, the Hg content in sediments was similar to background levels in 6 areas but was much higher in the other seven areas. Hg levels were affected by natural and anthropogenic factors, including terrestrial pollutants, geomorphic properties, and indirectly by economic status. Hg levels were positively correlated with organic matter, pH, and silt and clay fractions, but Hg was negatively correlated with sand fraction. In most mangrove wetlands, Hg existed primarily in the form of volatile Hg. Hg is easily bioaccumulated in mangrove wetlands and may be the natural source of Hg emissions to the atmosphere.     

大口径竖井式基岩水准标设计与施工

基岩标是地面变形监测、高程控制测量的重要基准设施,文章介绍大口径竖井式基岩标的设计原理与施工技术。     

祁连山北坡中部气候特征及垂直气候带的划分

通过对祁连山北坡中部气候特征,森林植被类型和土壤类型的定位预测研究,对祁连山北坡中部森林生态系统的主要气象要素垂直分布特征进行分析,应用气候指标和生物学原理,将祁连山林区按不同海拔高度划分为：1.山地荒漠草原气候带;2.山地草原气候带;3.山地森林草原气候带;4.亚高山灌丛草甸气候带;5.高山亚冰雪稀疏植被气候带;进而提出了合理开发祁连山山地气候资源,以促进当地经济发展。     

河南省区域地质概况

河南省大地构造跨华北、华南两大板块,属于华北陆块、北秦岭褶皱带、南秦岭褶皱带。地层发育,古生物化石丰富,各期岩浆活动频繁,地质构造复杂。在地壳演化历史中可分为３个阶段,即太古代—中元古代为前造山阶段,晚元古代—三叠纪为主造山阶段,侏罗—白垩纪为后造山阶段。     

SKS splitting beneath Capital area of China

Based on the polarization analysis of teleseismic SKS waveform data recorded at 49 seismic stations in Capital Area Seismograph Network,the SKS fast-wave direction and the delay time between the fast and slow shear waves at each station were determined by using the grid searching method of minimum transverse energy and the stacking analysis method,and then we acquired the image of upper mantle anisotropy in Capital area.In the study area,the fast-wave polarization direction is basically WNW-ESE,and the delay time falls into the interval from 0.56 s to 1.56 s.The results imply that the upper mantle anisotropy in Capital area is mainly caused by the subduc-tion of the Pacific plate to Eurasian plate.The subduction has resulted in the asthenospheric material deformation in Capital area,and made the alignment of upper mantle peridotite lattice parallel to the deformation direction.And the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates made the crust of western China thickening and uplifting and material eastwards extruding,and then caused the upper mantle flow eastwards,and made the upper mantle de-formation direction parallel to the fast-wave direction.The deformation model of the crust and upper mantle is possibly vertically coherent deformation by comparing the fast-wave polarization direction with the direction of lithospheric extension and the GPS velocity direction.     

热水沉积硅岩的地球化学

随着层控矿床研究的不断深入,一种新的岩石类型——热水沉积岩,尤其是热水沉积硅岩,已受到矿床学与岩石学家们的极大关注,并且被认为是20世纪80年代地球科学的一项重大进展。但如何区别热水沉积硅岩与其它成因硅岩呢?本文从岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素、氧和硅同位素等方面介绍了热水沉积硅岩的地球化学特征。