南海中央盆地热流值的初步分析

近年来,美国和日本的一些科学家公布了在南海中央盆地海底测得的36个热流值。本文结合我们所作的部分地球物理成果对这些热流数据进行初步分析。南海中央盆地热流值的分布特点有三:1.盆地中部热流值高,边缘较低,海沟(马尼拉海沟)与海槽(巴拉望海槽)处最低;2.热流的最高值(3.63HFU)出现在中央盆地西缘断裂的东侧,沿此北东向大断裂(属岩石圈断裂)的走向,集中出现大于2.5HFU的高值,此种高热流值与大断裂相伴随的现象反映了盆地高热流值与大断裂密切有关;3.盆地中大于2HFU的等值线成北东南西向展布,与构造线的方向一致,但在西沙群岛与中沙群岛的北缘,沿北西西方向,于北纬16°30'附近,序在一稍低的热流带,热流值在1.8—1.99HFU之间。此低热流带将盆地热流值分成两个区。此带以北为北区,以南为南区。北区热流值在1.9—2.46HFU之间;南区热流值较高,为2.11—3.63HFU之间。北区热流等值线为北东偏东方向展布,南区为北东向。为了进一步了解南海热流值的特点,对照了日本海、西菲律宾海、东菲律宾PareceVela海、苏禄海、苏拉威西海等西太洋边缘海的热流值与构造的关系。总的看来,与南海中央盆地类似,这些海盆的热流值大致都为中部高边缘低,最高值大多沿大断裂带或板块扩张轴的延伸方向分布。     

阿拉斯加南部海岭俯冲作用与金矿成矿作用之间的联系

阿拉斯加南部海岭俯冲作用与金矿成矿作用之间的联系Ｐ．ｊ．Ｈａｅｕｓｓｌｅｒ等阿拉斯加南部基来和楚加奇山脉以过积岩为主的成脉金矿床具有奇特的构造背景，位于巨大的堆积杂岩体内．弧前区热液流温度较低，很难想象在此地质背景中会出现热液循环和金矿成矿作用．中生...     

The dependence of organohalogen compound concentrations on herring age and size in the Bothnian Sea, northern Baltic

The concentrations and composition profiles of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated naphthalenes were determined in herring individuals collected from the commercial catches of the Bothnian Sea, northern Baltic. The median age of herring was 5.0 years and in the muscle the median toxic equivalent concentration of PCDD/Fs was 5.6 WHO(PCDD/F)-TEQ pg/g fresh weight (fw) and that of PCBs 2.7 WHO(PCB)-TEQ pg/g fw. The median sum concentration of PBDEs was 1.4 ng/g fw and that of PCNs 0.1 ng/g fw. Differences in age-dependent accumulation between the organohalogen groups and individual congeners were major. In the Bothnian Sea the content of organohalogen compounds in herring is obviously elevated due to the availability and large proportion of Mysis crustaceans in their diet. More intensive fishing could reduce the concentrations of organohalogens, including the abundant, accumulative and toxic 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF congener in the Baltic herring catch.     

Miniaturization of the flowing fluid electric conductivity logging technique

An understanding of the hydraulic properties of the aquifer and the depth distribution of salts is critical for evaluating the potential of ground water for conjunctive water use and for maintaining suitable ground water quality in agricultural regions where ground water is used extensively for irrigation and drinking water. The electrical conductivity profiles recorded in a well using the flowing fluid electric conductivity (FEC) logging method can be analyzed to estimate interval-specific hydraulic conductivity and estimates of the salinity concentration with depth. However, operating irrigation wells commonly allow limited access, and the traditional equipment used for FEC logging cannot fit through the small access pipe intersecting the well. A modified, miniaturized FEC logging technique was developed for use in wells with limited access. In addition, a new method for injecting water over the entire screened interval of the well reduces the time required to perform FEC logging.     

沂河湿地规划设计初探

沂河纵贯临沂全境,湿地资源丰富,总面积达1.33万hm2。以建设大沂河湿地保护区为总体目标,沿河梯次设立湿地公园,全面加强沂河湿地生物多样性保护,维护湿地生态系统的生态特性和基本功能,保持和最大限度地发挥沂河湿地生态系统的各种功能和效益,力争使大沂河湿地最终以生态沂河湿地、人文沂河湿地、科普沂河湿地的面貌成为临沂大地又一靓丽的城市名片。     

基于反射地震数据的时频域包络反演

包络信号含有丰富的低频分量,即使在地震数据缺失低频条件下,包络目标函数也能有效缓解全波形反演的周期跳跃现象.但是,当初始速度模型较为平滑时,观测数据中的反射地震事件在模拟数据中没有与之相对应的波形,导致包络反演初期无法很好地利用反射波信号进行速度建模.本文提出基于反射地震数据的时频域包络反演方法,通过结合反射波全波形反演理论,构建反射波时频域包络目标函数,来提高包络反演的速度建模精度.本文首先利用Gabor变换获取时频域地震数据,并提取振幅信息,即为时频域包络信号.然后,推导反射波时频域包络反演的伴随震源和梯度算子.Marmousi模型数据测试结果表明,基于反射地震数据的时频域包络反演方法可以为全波形反演提供一个较好的初始速度模型.     

Remote sensing of coral reefs and their physical environment

There has been a vast improvement in access to remotely sensed data in just a few recent years. This revolution of information is the result of heavy investment in new technology by governments and industry, rapid developments in computing power and storage, and easy dissemination of data over the internet. Today, remotely sensed data are available to virtually anyone with a desktop computer. Here, we review the status of one of the most popular areas of marine remote sensing research: coral reefs. Previous reviews have focused on the ability of remote sensing to map the structure and habitat composition of coral reefs, but have neglected to consider the physical environment in which reefs occur. We provide a holistic review of what can, might, and cannot be mapped using remote sensing at this time. We cover aspects of reef structure and health but also discuss the diversity of physical environmental data such as temperature, winds, solar radiation and water quality. There have been numerous recent advances in the remote sensing of reefs and we hope that this paper enhances awareness of the diverse data sources available, and helps practitioners identify realistic objectives for remote sensing in coral reef areas.     

Toxicity assessments of nanoscale zerovalent iron and its oxidation products in medaka (Oryzias latipes) fish

Iron-based nanotechnologies are increasingly used for environmental remediation; however, toxicologic impacts of iron nanoparticles on the aquatic ecosystem remain poorly understood. We treated larvae of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) with thoroughly characterized solutions containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI), aged nanoscale iron oxides (nFe-oxides) or ferrous ion (Fe[II]) for 12-14 days' aqueous exposure to assess the causal toxic effect(s) of iron NPs on the fish. With the CMC-nZVI solution, the dissolved oxygen level decreased, and a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was generated as Fe(II) oxidized to ferric ion (Fe[III]); with the other two iron solutions, these parameters did not significantly change. CMC-nZVI and Fe(II) solutions caused acute lethally and sublethally toxic effects in medaka larvae, with nFe-oxide-containing solutions causing the least toxic effects. We discuss modes of toxic action of iron NPs and chronic toxic effects in terms of hypoxia, Fe(II) toxicity and ROS-mediated oxidative damage.