改进的混合像元分解法用于快速水污染遥感评价研究

该文介绍了一种改进的混合像元分解方法。利用该方法对滇池的各类污染（叶绿素,营养盐等）进行快速评价,可以直接得出滇池各个区域所受各类污染的程度,从而给出滇池全区各类污染的情况分布。     

A Model for Structure Formation Seeded by Gravitationally Produced Matter

The Arecibo H i Strip Survey probed the halos of approximately 300 cataloged galaxies and the environments of approximately 14 groups with sensitivity to neutral hydrogen masses >/=107 M middle dot in circle. The survey detected no objects with properties resembling the high-velocity clouds (HVCs) associated with the Milky Way or Local Group. If the HVCs were typically MHi=107.5 M middle dot in circle objects distributed throughout groups and galaxy halos at distances of approximately 1 Mpc, the survey should have made approximately 70 HVC detections in groups and approximately 250 detections around galaxies. The null detection implies that HVCs are deployed at typical distances of 相似文献   

黑龙江鸡东金场沟铜钼矿控矿角砾岩筒构造研究及其找矿意义

通过对黑龙江省鸡东金场沟角砾岩筒构造特征及其矿化类型的分析研究,对比国内外同类型构造的控矿特点,认为金场沟角砾岩在垂向上具有一定的分带特征,其剥蚀程度表现为:Ⅰ、Ⅳ号片岩角砾岩筒剥蚀程度低,保存较完整;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ号花岗闪长斑岩角砾岩筒剥蚀到中段.根据角砾岩筒的矿化垂直分带特征,结合本区各角砾岩筒剥蚀程度特点,认为金场沟地区的深部具有较大的找矿潜力.     

基于结构方程模型的沙漠旅游区游客行为意向的影响研究——以响沙湾旅游区为例

随着旅游网站的发展,越来越多的游客根据携程网的点评信息做出旅游的决定。本文构建携程网点评的信息特征对沙漠旅游区游客行为意向影响的理论模型,利用携程网响沙湾的旅游点评数据,通过问卷调查,使用结构方程模型对理论模型进行验证性因子分析。结果表明：（1）在线点评的质量特征和效价特征正向影响游客行为意向。（2）在线点评的质量特征和效价特征正向影响点评可信度。（3）点评可信度对游客行为意向起到正向影响。（4）点评可信度是点评质量和点评效价与游客行为意向之间的中介变量。研究为沙漠旅游区营销管理提出相关建议,从而提高沙漠旅游景区在游客心中的可信度,增加游客的到访率,为当地的经济发展提供新的视角。     

基于空间句法-GIS的城市轨道交通供需特征研究——以杭州市为例

在轨道交通网建设初期,交通换乘设施与产业的布局直接关系到各站点的运营与使用效率,选择合理的评价方式,在空间上正确评判其供需水平,能为进一步的规划设计提供科学依据。本文以杭州轨道交通一号线为例,通过空间句法模型,为已投入运营的31个站点的空间整合度进行定量化分析研究;在轨道交通站点可达性评价的基础上,应用GIS-AHP方法,整合现状资料,得出轨道交通需求空间分布特征;结合现状调研资料,阐述空间整合度与交通需求相互作用的机制,进一步讨论杭州轨道交通一号线换乘设施布置的策略,对其未来发展提出建议。     

基于网格的暴雨洪涝灾害风险评价

评估暴雨洪涝灾害风险,对于制定暴雨洪涝灾害区域防灾减灾规划具有重要意义。选取哈尔滨市主城区为研究区,以气象数据、社会经济数据和地理信息数据资料为基础,构建0.01°格网,从暴雨致灾因子危险性、暴露度和脆弱性3方面对洪涝灾害进行精细化风险评估与区划。结果表明：哈尔滨主城区洪涝危险性自西北向东南逐渐增加,香坊南部及松北、道里、南岗、道外交汇处受洪涝危害最为严重;暴露度呈现中心高四周低的格局,高风险主要位于绕城高速以内;路网密集地带脆弱性相对较高。洪涝风险呈自西北向东南逐渐增加,东部显著高于西部,主城中心、道外区西部及香坊区大部为高风险区,受洪涝危害严重,应注意城市内涝、交通拥堵等次生影响的防范。     

华北克拉通五台群LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征

通过对五台群石咀亚群金刚库组4个典型样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素研究,对五台群的形成时代及华北克拉通新太古代—古元古代期间的地壳演化进行了探讨。锆石U-Pb同位素测定结果表明,侵入金刚库组中的片麻状花岗岩锆石的U-Pb年龄为2548Ma,因此五台群的上限年龄约为2.5Ga;金刚库组黑云母石英片岩和片麻状石英闪长岩的原岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为2663Ma和2636Ma,因此五台群的下限年龄约为2.7Ga。五台群的地质年龄为2.5~2.7Ga,属于新太古代。锆石Hf同位素研究结果表明,黑云母石英片岩和片麻状石英闪长岩的二阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM2)均为2.8Ga左右,指示2.8Ga左右是五台山区乃至整个华北克拉通地壳生长的重要时期;片麻状花岗岩tDM2平均为2.57Ga,与锆石结晶年龄非常接近,表明2.5Ga左右也是华北克拉通地壳的主要增生期。地壳的增长是幕式的,2.8Ga和2.5Ga都是华北克拉通地壳生长时期。     

A closed form slug test theory for high permeability aquifers

We incorporate a linear estimate of casing friction into the analytical slug test theory of Springer and Gelhar (1991) for high permeability aquifers. The modified theory elucidates the influence of inertia and casing friction on consistent, closed form equations for the free surface, pressure, and velocity fluctuations for overdamped and underdamped conditions. A consistent, but small, correction for kinetic energy is included as well. A characteristic velocity linearizes the turbulent casing shear stress so that an analytical solution for attenuated, phase shifted pressure fluctuations fits a single parameter (damping frequency) to transducer data from any depth in the casing. Underdamped slug tests of 0.3, 0.6, and 1 m amplitudes at five transducer depths in a 5.1 cm diameter PVC well 21 m deep in the Plymouth-Carver Aquifer yield a consistent hydraulic conductivity of 1.5 x 10(-3) m/s. The Springer and Gelhar (1991) model underestimates the hydraulic conductivity for these tests by as much as 25% by improperly ascribing smooth turbulent casing friction to the aquifer. The match point normalization of Butler (1998) agrees with our fitted hydraulic conductivity, however, when friction is included in the damping frequency. Zurbuchen et al. (2002) use a numerical model to establish a similar sensitivity of hydraulic conductivity to nonlinear casing friction.     

Diagnostic monitoring of a changing environment: an alternative UK perspective

Adaptive management of the marine environment requires an understanding of the complex interactions within it. Establishing levels of natural variability within and between marine ecosystems is a necessary prerequisite to this process and requires a monitoring programme which takes account of the issues of time, space and scale. In this paper, we argue that an ecosystem approach to managing the marine environment should take direct account of climate change indicators at a regional level if it is to cope with the unprecedented change expected as a result of human impacts on the earth climate system. We discuss the purpose of environmental monitoring and the importance of maintaining long-term time series. Recommendations are made on the use of these data in conjunction with modern extrapolation and integration tools (e.g. ecosystem models, remote sensing) to provide a diagnostic approach to the management of marine ecosystems, based on adaptive indicators and dynamic baselines.     

Resolving mechanisms of toxicity while pursuing ecotoxicological relevance?

In this age of modern biology, aquatic toxicological research has pursued mechanisms of action of toxicants. This has provided potential tools for ecotoxicologic investigations. However, problems of biocomplexity and issues at higher levels of biological organization remain a challenge. In the 1980s and 1990s and continuing to a lesser extent today, organisms residing in highly contaminated field sites or exposed in the laboratory to calibrated concentrations of individual compounds were carefully analyzed for their responses to priority pollutants. Correlation of biochemical and structural analyses in cultured cells and tissues, as well as the in vivo exposures led to the production and application of biomarkers of exposure and effect and to our awareness of genotoxicity and its chronic manifestations, such as neoplasms, in wild fishes. To gain acceptance of these findings in the greater environmental toxicology community, “validation of the model” versus other, better-established often rodent models, was necessary and became a major focus. Resultant biomarkers were applied to heavily contaminated and reference field sites as part of effects assessment and with investigations following large-scale disasters such as oil spills or industrial accidents.

Over the past 15 years, in the laboratory, small aquarium fish models such as medaka (Oryzias latipes), zebrafish (Danio rerio), platyfish (Xiphophorus species), fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), and sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) were increasingly used establishing mechanisms of toxicants. Today, the same organisms provide reliable information at higher levels of biological organization relevant to ecotoxicology. We review studies resolving mechanisms of toxicity and discuss ways to address biocomplexity, mixtures of contaminants, and the need to relate individual level responses to populations and communities.