卫星云图模式识别小波分形特征量分析

本文采用小波分析中的小波包函数对卫星云图进行分解和小波包系数重构，并结合分形分数维计算，提取卫星云图的分数维，分析不同类型的云系分数维的主要特征，来实现卫星云图的模式识别。     

Exposure to 2,4-decadienal negatively impacts upon marine invertebrate larval fitness

Diatoms liberate volatile, biologically active unsaturated aldehydes following cell damage, which negatively impact upon invertebrate reproductive processes such as fertilization, embryogenesis and larval survival. 2,4-Decadienal is frequently identified among the aldehydes produced and is one of the more biologically active. The majority of studies which have examined the toxic effects of diatom aldehydes to invertebrate reproduction have scored egg production and/or hatching success as indicators of biological impacts. There are very few studies which have dealt specifically with the impacts of diatom-derived aldehydes on larval fitness. Larval stages of the polychaetes Arenicola marina and Nereis virens and the echinoderms Asterias rubens and Psammechinus miliaris exposed to 2,4-decadienal at sub 1 microg ml(-1) concentrations suffered reduced survival over the incubation period (day 1-8 post fertilization) with detectable differences for the polychates at a concentration of 0.005 and 0.01-0.1 microg ml(-1) for the echinoderms. Susceptibility of larval N. virens was investigated using stage specific 24 h exposures at 2,4-decadienal concentrations up to 1.5 microg ml(-1). A clear stage specific effect was found, with earlier larval stages most vulnerable. Nectochaete larvae (9-10 d) showed no reduction in survival at the concentrations assayed. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), defined as random deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry, was used to analyse fitness of larval P. miliaris exposed to 2,4-decadienal at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1 microg ml(-1). The degree and frequency of asymmetrical development increased with increasing 2,4-decadienal concentration. Equally, as FA increased larval survival decreased. These results provide further support for the teratogenic nature of 2,4-decadienal and its negative impact on invertebrate larval fitness.     

Biochemical indicators for the bioavailability of organic carbon in ground water

The bioavailability of total organic carbon (TOC) was examined in ground water from two hydrologically distinct aquifers using biochemical indicators widely employed in chemical oceanography. Concentrations of total hydrolyzable neutral sugars (THNS), total hydrolyzable amino acids (THAA), and carbon-normalized percentages of TOC present as THNS and THAA (referred to as "yields") were assessed as indicators of bioavailability. A shallow coastal plain aquifer in Kings Bay, Georgia, was characterized by relatively high concentrations (425 to 1492 μM; 5.1 to 17.9 mg/L) of TOC but relatively low THNS and THAA yields (∼0.2%–1.0%). These low yields are consistent with the highly biodegraded nature of TOC mobilized from relatively ancient (Pleistocene) sediments overlying the aquifer. In contrast, a shallow fractured rock aquifer in West Trenton, New Jersey, exhibited lower TOC concentrations (47 to 325 μM; 0.6 to 3.9 mg/L) but higher THNS and THAA yields (∼1% to 4%). These higher yields were consistent with the younger, and thus more bioavailable, TOC being mobilized from modern soils overlying the aquifer. Consistent with these apparent differences in TOC bioavailability, no significant correlation between TOC and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), a product of organic carbon mineralization, was observed at Kings Bay, whereas a strong correlation was observed at West Trenton. In contrast to TOC, THNS and THAA concentrations were observed to correlate with DIC at the Kings Bay site. These observations suggest that biochemical indicators such as THNS and THAA may provide information concerning the bioavailability of organic carbon present in ground water that is not available from TOC measurements alone.     

Ocean urea fertilization for carbon credits poses high ecological risks

The proposed plan for enrichment of the Sulu Sea, Philippines, a region of rich marine biodiversity, with thousands of tonnes of urea in order to stimulate algal blooms and sequester carbon is flawed for multiple reasons. Urea is preferentially used as a nitrogen source by some cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, many of which are neutrally or positively buoyant. Biological pumps to the deep sea are classically leaky, and the inefficient burial of new biomass makes the estimation of a net loss of carbon from the atmosphere questionable at best. The potential for growth of toxic dinoflagellates is also high, as many grow well on urea and some even increase their toxicity when grown on urea. Many toxic dinoflagellates form cysts which can settle to the sediment and germinate in subsequent years, forming new blooms even without further fertilization. If large-scale blooms do occur, it is likely that they will contribute to hypoxia in the bottom waters upon decomposition. Lastly, urea production requires fossil fuel usage, further limiting the potential for net carbon sequestration. The environmental and economic impacts are potentially great and need to be rigorously assessed.     

基于紫外线的CTD防生物附着装置设计和试验

海洋环境监测工作中大部分仪器设备放置海水里,都会或多或少地受到海洋生物附着的影响。生物附着物的生长速度有时非常快,覆盖海底观测设备及传感器的测量单元,对测量效果产生不利影响,使得观测数据持续漂移、降低数据质量、导致传感器逐渐失效。生物附着还会影响海洋设备的散热、水动力流场,并对机械结构产生腐蚀等。目前诸多防生物附着技术各有弊端,甚至产生环境污染问题。为此设计并组装基于紫外线杀菌原理的CTD防生物附着装置,明确各主要技术参数,应用在渤海夏季近岸海上比测试验,验证其对于大部分的海洋附着物具有良好的杀灭效果,可有效缓解生物附着对电导率传感器的影响,在海洋环境监测领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

高效溶藻放线茵BS01发酵培养基及发酵条件优化

从漳江口红树林区采集的沉积物样品中分离到1株放线菌菌株BS01 Brevibacterium sp.,其胞外活性产物对塔玛亚历山大藻Alexandrium tamarense具有明显的溶藻作用.采用单因素及均匀设计,通过摇瓶培养对BS01产溶藻活性物质的发酵培养基及发酵条件进行优化.结果表明,在可溶性淀粉为碳源、硝酸钠为氮源、装液量为40%、起始pH值为7.5、培养温度为28℃、转速为150r·min-1、振荡培养时间为48h的条件时,BS01发酵产物的杀藻活性最强.通过均匀设计进行最佳发酵培养基及培养条件优化的结果为:可溶性淀粉为20g·L-1,硝酸钠为0.5g·L-1,pH为7.7,温度为27.2℃.研究结果为杀藻活性物质高效提取及杀藻机制研究奠定了基础.     

Towards a more ecologically relevant assessment of the impact of heavy metals on the photosynthesis of the seagrass,Zostera capricorni

This in situ study used photosynthetic activity (measured as chlorophyll a fluorescence) and photosynthetic pigment concentrations to assess the effect of copper, cadmium, lead and zinc on the seagrass Zostera capricorni. Custom-made portable in situ exposure (PIE) chambers were developed so seagrasses could be dosed within the meadow. Z. capricorni was exposed to 0.1 and 1 mg l⁻¹ of metal solutions for 10 h. During this time and for the subsequent four-day recovery period, the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (PS II) (ΔF/Fm^′) was measured. While the results were variable, copper and zinc exposed samples had a depressed ΔF/Fm^′ during the exposure period. Samples exposed to zinc recovered to pre-exposure levels but those exposed to copper did not. Cadmium and lead did not impact on the chlorophyll a fluorescence and the chlorophyll pigment data supported these findings. This study presents an innovative new application of chlorophyll a fluorescence stress assessment.     

冲击粉碎法制备针状硅灰石微粉的研究

硅灰石是一种钙的偏硅酸盐类矿物,化学分子式为Ｃａ［ＳｉＯ３］,含４８－３％ＣａＯ和５１－７％的ＳｉＯ２。天然硅灰石常呈白至灰白色,玻璃到珍珠光泽,密度２－７８～２－９１ｇｃｍ３,硬度为４－５～５,通常为针状、放射状、纤维状集合体,甚至微小颗粒仍保持纤维状结构［１］。由于硅灰石具有特殊的纤维状结构及优良的物理、化学性质,使其在工业生产中有广泛的应用,如陶瓷、塑料、橡胶、冶金铸造、磨料、焊条、玻璃、矿棉、水泥、造纸、石棉代用品等［２,３］。随着研究的深入,对硅灰石在非陶瓷方面（造纸、涂料、塑料、石…     

基于垂直订正和湿度订正方法估算川渝地区逐小时PM2.5

针对PM_2.5污染比较严重的川渝地区,本研究利用日本静止葵花卫星(Himawari-8)反演的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)进行垂直订正和湿度订正估算川渝地区2017年—2018年09:00—16:00时的PM_2.5浓度。首先,基于气象观测的能见度(vis)数据与消光系数σa(λ)之间的关系,引入“标高(Ha)”对气溶胶光学厚度进行垂直订正;其次,根据匹配的气象和环境监测数据对每一个站点逐一拟合1—12月份的吸湿增长因子,并采用反距离加权空间插值(IDW)方法构建吸湿订正因子网格,从而进行湿度订正估算。研究结果表明,经垂直订正和湿度订正后,相比AOD与PM_2.5之间的相关性,“干”消光系数σ_dry与PM_2.5的相关性显著提高,相关系数(r)由0.12—0.45提高至0.32—0.69;验证09:00至16:00时卫星估算结果,相关系数(r)均大于0.7,均方根误差(RMSE)为18.59±2.26μg/m³;提取所有观测站点进行验证,r=0.82,RMSE=18...     

基于项目学习的文综学科融合探究——以“走进青岛纺织 寻找城市文化根脉”为例

基于项目学习的学科融合,突出以学生为中心,运用多学科知识解决真实问题。它符合学生发展的需求,是未来学科教学的一个发展方向。本文根据笔者的教学感悟阐述了学科融合的价值,并以"走进青岛纺织寻找城市文化根脉"这一融合地理、政治、历史学科的项目式学习实践为例,说明项目学习的特点、基于项目学习文综融合的方式方法、项目学习的收获以及需要注意的问题。