豫西山地植被NDVI及其气候响应的多维变化北大核心CSCDCSSCI

豫西山地是秦岭山系在河南境内的余脉,处于亚热带向暖温带的过渡区域,是气候变化的敏感区。利用S-G滤波算法重构2000-2013年MODIS-NDVI时序影像,结合DEM、气温和降水数据,运用趋势分析、相关性分析等方法探讨豫西山地NDVI及其气候响应的多维变化。结果表明:(1)14年来豫西山地NDVI呈增长态势,增速为0.041/10a。NDVI值随山地海拔升高先增后降,随坡度增加而增大,在各坡向的分布相差不大。(2)植被在<1100 m海拔区恢复概率最高,在>1700 m区域退化概率最高;在10°~20°坡度区域恢复概率最高,在0°~5°区域退化概率最高;坡向对植被变化的分异作用不明显。(3)不同海拔、坡度、坡向上的植被所受影响因素不同,高海拔区植被动态主要受降水控制;不同坡度上的植被NDVI与气温的相关性均大于与降水的;在不同坡向上差异不明显。(4)崤山、熊耳山、伏牛山三大山脉北坡NDVI增速均大于南坡;北坡植被对降水变化较敏感,而南坡植被对气温变化较敏感。这些都是在全球变化背景下该区生态环境响应的重要信号,反映了过渡带生态响应因子对山地生态系统的重要性。     

2000–2050年东北三省土地利用时空格局变化过程模拟及其生态服务影响研究（英文）

Land use and its dynamics have attracted considerable scientific attention for their significant ecological and socioeconomic implications.Many studies have investigated the past changes in land use,but efforts exploring the potential changes in land use and implications under future scenarios are still lacking.Here we simulate the future land use changes and their impacts on ecosystem services in Northeast China(NEC) over the period of 2000–2050 using the CLUE–S(Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small regional extent) model under the scenarios of ecological security(ESS),food security(FSS) and comprehensive development(CDS).The model was validated against remote sensing data in 2005.Overall,the accuracy of the CLUE–S model was evaluated at 82.5%.Obtained results show that future cropland changes mainly occur in the Songnen Plain and the Liaohe Plain,forest and grassland changes are concentrated in the southern Lesser Khingan Mountains and the western Changbai Mountains,while the Sanjiang Plain will witness major changes of the wetlands.Our results also show that even though CDS is defined based on the goals of the regional development plan,the ecological service value(ESV) under CDS is RMB 2656.18 billion in 2050.The ESV of CDS is lower compared with the other scenarios.Thus,CDS is not an optimum scenario for eco-environmental protection,especially for the wetlands,which should be given higher priority for future development.The issue of coordination is also critical in future development.The results can help to assist structural adjustments for agriculture and to guide policy interventions in NEC.     

寒潮突袭全疆 北疆终霜偏晚

1999年3~4月天气今年早春（3~4月）,春季气候特点明显,回寒天气多而强。有2场中强以上的天气过程影响我区。其中4月22－24目的寒潮天气过程是70年代以来我区春季出现的最强的一次天气过程,致使全疆气温变化剧烈,多风沙、浮尘、霜冻等灾害性天气,给农牧业生产造成严重损失。3月份,北疆气温普遍偏低,4月份北疆呈偏高趋势。南疆两月气温偏高。降水：北疆3月多,4月基本持平。南疆两月降水呈偏少趋势。l月平均气温和月总田水且3月份,北疆地区的月平均气温为一3．0℃,较常年偏低1．7T,其中,北疆北部较常年偏低36－i0℃,阿勒泰的偏低…     

低温高压微地质体中微米纳米级矿物相研究——以大冶葡萄石中绿纤石和多硅白云母为例

低温高压地质体因与地壳碰撞、俯冲等构造活动密切相关,长期以来一直是国内外地学界关注的研究对象。但由于受研究手段、分辨能力所限,对于呈微米纳米级微粒形式存在于低温高压微地质体（即矿物）中的成分、物相及其成因等问题的研究,至今仍是地学研究中的薄弱环节。随...     

江苏宁镇伏牛山岩体的铷锶等时线年龄

从伏牛山岩体采集了新鲜的花岗闪长斑岩作铷锶同位素年龄测定,得到了拟合度很好的RbSr岩体矿物等时线,获得111Ma±1Ma年龄和锶的初始比值(Sr87/Sr86)i为07058±00001。进一步印证该岩体形成于燕山晚期,为幔源岩浆受地壳物质混染后的产物,属同熔型成因系列     

维西—乔后断裂带上连续地震的应力降和两种不同的孕震机制

2021年5月21日云南省维西—乔后断裂带上发生M_S6.4漾濞地震,造成了大量的人员伤亡和财产损失.该断裂带上还曾先后发生过2013年M_W5.3和2017年M_W4.91两次洱源地震.本文反演了维西—乔后断裂中南段2013年、2017年与2021年三次地震震群的震源机制解,使用谱比法计算了主震和较大的前震、余震共17个事件的拐角频率与应力降.结果表明：2013年M_W5.3主震与M_W4.96余震均为正断层事件,随后的地震序列皆为右旋走滑事件,2017年M_W4.91主震与M_W4.89前震均为右旋走滑事件.发生在东南侧15 km左右的2021年漾濞M_W6.2主震也为右旋走滑事件,但前震和余震震群中包括约70%的走滑事件和30%的正断层事件,推测发震断层为维西—乔后断裂带的次级断裂;2013年M_W5.3主震的拐角频率为0.68±0.03 Hz,应力降为11.98-1.52/+1.66 MPa, 201...     

狄氏斧蛤(Donax dysoni)线粒体全基因组测定及结构特征分析

为解析狄氏斧蛤(Donax dysoni)线粒体全基因组结构特征以及进化地位,采用二代高通量测序技术获得狄氏斧蛤线粒体基因组全序列,对线粒体基因进行注释并对其序列结构进行分析。结果表明,狄氏斧蛤的线粒体全基因组序列全长为16 908 bp,碱基组成为A (26.81%)、T (41.13%)、G(21.21%)和C (10.85%),A+T含量为67.94%,表现出明显的AT偏向。与其他双壳贝类相似,狄氏斧蛤共编码13个蛋白质编码基因,包含22个t RNA和2个r RNA,且所有基因均位于H链;蛋白质编码基因拥有3种起始密码子(ATG、ATT、ATA),而除了ND3、ND4以及ATP6使用TAG作为终止密码子外,其余所有蛋白质编码基因都使用TAA作为终止密码子。除t RNASer不能折叠成典型的三叶草结构,没有明显的DHU茎环,其余t RNA都能折叠成典型的三叶草结构。狄氏斧蛤与斧蛤科(Donacidae)其他物种具有相同的基因排列,未发现基因重排现象。基于线粒体12个蛋白质编码基因构建62种贝类的进化树,结果显示:Donax semiestriatus和Donax vittatus聚...     

宾川地区的地壳厚度和泊松比分布特征研究

This paper presents the changes of crust thickness and Poissons ratios distribution in the Binchuan region,where the first air-gun transmitting station and its a small dense array were deployed.From September 2011 to January 2014,more than 239 teleseismic events of M≥6.0 were recorded in 16 stations in the Binchuan region.Their P-wave receiver functions were analyzed respectively.The high spatial resolution result shows that the average crust thickness of Binchuan region is 45.3km,it follows the rule of"deeper in the north and east part,shallower in the south and west part."The deepest region is in Xiaoyindian Station;the crust thickness is 47.9km;the shallowest region is in Paiying Station,it has the thickness of 42.1km.It shows that the deeper Moho surface nearby the Chenghai fault and shallower nearby the Honghe fault;the isoline distribution of thickness changes greatly nearby the Chenghai fault and slowly nearby the Honghe fault.From the distribution of Poissons ratios,it is unevenly in the study area with a great difference from the north part to the south part,which shows a characteristic of"lower in the north,higher in the south".The Poissons ratio nearby the Honghe fault is medium too high(0.26≤σ≤0.29);lower nearby the Chenghai fault(σ≤0.26).This paper concludes the possible reason of different characteristic between Poissons ratio and crust thickness is thicker in the upper crust in the Binchuan region.     

基于二次场的海洋可控源电磁法三维有限元正演

根据库伦规范势的定义,推导出关于磁矢量势和电标量势的偏微分方程,为了克服由电流源引起的奇异性和数值模拟计算困难,将电磁总场分解为一次场和二次场,一次场由基于Schelkunoff势函数的一维正演算法得到,二次场由有限元法计算得到,实现了海洋可控源电磁法三维有限元正演算法。通过一维数值模拟实例,验证该算法的计算精度。然后,利用该算法对带海底地形的三层储层模型进行正演,分析了海底地形对海洋控源电磁场各分量产生的影响。