区域地球化学异常空间分形结构及其意义--以浙江省诸暨区域地球化学数据为例

区域地球化学数据既具有确定性的特征,又具有随机性的特征,从而地球化学异常的空间分布具有标度不变性的特征,即空间分形结构.本文运用元素含量-等值线面积模型、元素含量的周长与面积模型,查明区域地球化学异常分形结构,初步探讨了其形成机制,并讨论了等值线含量与面积的空间分形模型用于划分地球化学异常与背景的意义.     

抵税股票:托起全球最大矿业融资市场--加拿大矿产勘查融资政策探秘

矿产勘查具有周期长、投入大、风险高等特点.目前加拿大有1200余家矿业公司在全球从事勘查工作,约占全球矿业上市公司的一半,最近十年来加拿大矿产勘查投资额在国家排名中始终位居第一.据中国地质调查局发展研究中心《地质调查动态》报道,加拿大政府多年来以强有力的政策措施鼓励本国矿产勘查,尤其是勘查投资抵税股票政策,为国内1000余家初级勘查公司提供了便捷的勘查融资平台,成为加拿大矿产勘查筹资的一个重要来源,极大地刺激和繁荣了该国矿业勘查投资市场.加拿大矿产勘查投资抵税股票政策的成功实施,对我国矿产勘查市场引入社会资金具有一定借鉴意义.     

Measurement system for systematic hydrological characterization of unsaturated fractured welded tuff in a mined underground tunnel

A field investigation of unsaturated flow through a lithophysal unit of fractured welded tuff containing lithophysal cavities has been initiated. To characterize flow in this spatially heterogeneous medium, a systematic approach has been developed to perform tests in boreholes drilled at regular intervals in an underground tunnel (drift). The purpose of the testing is to quantify the amounts of water seeping into the drift versus the amount of water moving around the drift when released into boreholes at many equidistant locations along the drift. In this paper, we describe the test equipment system that has been built for this purpose. Because the field-scale measurements--of liquid flow in the unsaturated, fractured rocks--require continuous testing for periods of days to weeks, the control of test equipment has been fully automated, allowing operation with no human presence at the field site. Preliminary results from the first set of tests indicate that, while the effects of evaporation on characterization of hydrological properties of the rock can be significant, these effects can be controlled and quantified. These tests give insight into the role of the cavities as potential storage during the initial transient flow prior to the breakthrough of water at the drift crown, as well as the role of connected fractures that provide the subsequent quasi-steady flow. In addition to the stated purpose of realizing the flow partitioning, the results yield values for the effective porosity in the pathways for liquid flow in the regions tested thus far.     

美国国家航空航天局地球与空间科学数据的可供性和可用性评价

本文的命题出自美国国家研究理事会(NRC)2002年为美国国家航空航天局(NASA)作的一份战略研究报告,其宗旨是扩大航空航天局拥有数据的使用范围。其中,有一系列观点值得注意:在充分利用信息技术进步的同时,要针对用户开发“信息市场”,使之在数据收集与分析两方面的预算平衡中发挥作用;处理好航空航天局集中管理数据与各部门分布式数据的关系,建议设立科学信息官员来予以改进;应兼顾硬件与软件的资金投入,从数据收集始即考虑其应用的问题;随时间延续而产生的数据长期保管问题;应与其他部门协作开发信息十分重要,树立“用户需要的是信息,而不是数据”的观点;等等。本文提出的一系列观点和做法,值得我们在国土资源信息化建设中参考借鉴。     

Fluid Dark Matter

Dark matter modeled as a classical scalar field that interacts only with gravity and with itself by a potential that is close to quartic at large field values and approaches a quadratic form when the field is small would be gravitationally produced by inflation and, at the present epoch, could act like an ideal fluid with pressure that is a function only of the mass density. This could have observationally interesting effects on the core radii and solid-body rotation of dark matter halos and on the low-mass end of the primeval mass fluctuation power spectrum.     

Biochemical biomarkers in adult female perch (Perca fluviatilis) in a chronically polluted gradient in the Stockholm recipient (Sweden)

A battery of biochemical biomarkers and the SigmaPCB concentration in adult female perch (Perca fluviatilis) verified an aquatic pollution gradient with the city of Stockholm (Sweden) as a point source of anthropogenic substances. The investigation included both an upstream gradient, 46 km westwards through Lake M?laren, and a downstream gradient, 84 km eastwards through the Stockholm archipelago. Besides the main gradient from Stockholm, there were strong indications of pollution coming from the Baltic Sea. The results indicated a severe pollution situation in central Stockholm, with poor health status of the perch, characterised by increased specific EROD activity in the liver, increased liver EROD somatic index, decreased AChE activity in the muscle, increased amount of DNA adducts in the liver, and a high concentration of biliary 1-pyrenol. In addition, laboratory exposure to common EROD inducers elicited an abnormal response, suggestive of chronic intoxication.     

隐伏矿勘查经验与启示——从《信息找矿战略与勘查百例》谈起

以大型隐伏矿床的发现历史为依据,系统地总结了隐伏矿勘查的经验与策略,并从矿产勘查哲学的角度进行了深入的思考。针对拟寻矿床的地质特征。抓住深部关键的地质因素,查明地球物理和地球化学特征与它们的对应关系,把地球物理和地球化学判据转化成找矿标志,是提高隐伏矿找矿效率的关键。成矿作用的分带现象是一个普遍的规律,对于指导隐伏矿预测和矿床深部勘探具有重要的意义。直接信息是矿产勘查最可靠的信息。直接信息和间接信息并不是以学科划分的,在一定的条件下和一定的研究程度上两者可以转化。以直接信息为先导,实现从区域到局部的转变,使找矿迅速突破。必须充分重视各类方法的应用条件与前提。重视各种直接信息的挖掘与印证,加强各类方法的集成与综合。对于一个重要的成矿区（带）来说,随着地质研究与找矿工作的深入,需要不断地修订和调整勘查准则。矿产勘查投资是一种高风险、高效益的投资,是一项创造性很强的实践．集调查与研究于一体。矿产勘查不以研究“水平”论高低,而以“成败”论英雄;要看勘查的实效,而非理论的高深;要看是否见矿,而非勘查过程的简繁。经验与理论、科学与技术的交叉与融合是通向矿产勘查的成功之路。