Seasonal and spatial heterogeneity of recent sea surface temperature trends in the Caribbean Sea and southeast Gulf of Mexico

Recent changes in ocean temperature have impacted marine ecosystem function globally. Nevertheless, the responses have depended upon the rate of change of temperature and the season when the changes occur, which are spatially variable. A rigorous statistical analysis of sea surface temperature observations over 25 years was used to examine spatial variability in overall and seasonal temperature trends within the wider Caribbean. The basin has experienced high spatial variability in rates of change of temperature. Most of the warming has been due to increases in summer rather than winter temperatures. However, warming was faster in winter in the Loop Current area and the south-eastern Caribbean, where the annual temperature ranges have contracted. Waters off Florida, Cuba and the Bahamas had a tendency towards cooling in winter, increasing the amplitude of annual temperature ranges. These detailed patterns can be used to elucidate ecological responses to climatic change in the region.     

太行山山前平原地下水补给规律分析:以河北栾城为例

采用水均衡法与通量法对太行山山前平原(河北栾城)进行了地下水补给评价,结果表明:近20a地下水入渗补给量为
8~172mm/a(水均衡法),平均值49.3mm/a,变化幅度大。其中2004年入渗补给量(63mm/a)比采用通量法计算结果(28.2
mm/a)大一倍,表明土壤优先流对入渗补给作用显著。年入渗补给量总体上随有效降雨量增加、地下水位下降速率减少、作物实
际蒸发蒸腾量减少而增加,但与有效灌溉量和灌溉量之和的相关性不显著。通过长序列地下水位与灌溉量等数据估算得到研究
区侧向净补给量为125.2mm/a,约占地下水总补给量的71.7%(175.4mm/a),说明地下水主要以侧向补给为主。同时计算了入
渗补给与侧向补给地下水的延迟时间,分别为60a和1个月。      

岩溶地下工程施工抽水诱发黏土层地面塌陷机理及临界条件探讨

岩溶地下工程施工抽水容易诱发地面塌陷工程事故,目前关于此问题的研究,主要针对砂性土层,较少涉及黏土层,但大量的抽水致塌事例发生在黏土层。本文分析施工抽水对界面上黏土性质、地下水动力条件的影响,并划分出Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三个影响区。依据“土-水”耦合作用,在Ⅰ、Ⅱ区建立非饱和黏土地面塌陷崩解作用模式及其判据,在Ⅲ区建立饱和黏土地面塌陷潜蚀作用模式及其判据。为了应用于施工抽水实践,推导出潜水非完整孔和承压水非完整孔抽水诱发地面塌陷的临界抽水流量表达式,并计算出南宁地铁工程场地地面塌陷的临界抽水量为17.97 m3?d-1。在场地内进行的现场抽水验证性试验的结果表明此临界抽水量具有一定的工程应用性及参考借鉴意义。      

矿区地表破坏的土地资源利用研究

该文分析矿业开发造成的地表土地资源破坏及其类型特征，阐述各种土地类型合理利用方向，总结出单一和复合两类7种模式。提出今后土地质量演化和“土壤资源库”是地表被破坏土地资源利用的关键问题和研究方向。     

地球化学自组织作用模型

各种各样成因的岩石显示了对称型破缺不稳定性和成矿作用的反复发展图型及其它型式。利用线形稳定性、分叉、匹配渐进和数值分析,建立了耦合局部作用(矿物颗粒的水化反应、沉淀/溶解和成核作用)到各种转移过程的模式。