重庆市岩溶区县土地利用景观破碎化及土壤侵蚀影响评价

根据重庆岩溶区县土地利用景观破碎情况,采用双向指示种分析法和除趋势典范对应分析法对研究区县及各土地利用类型进行分类和排序,揭示其空间分布的景观生态学意义及土壤侵蚀对土地利用景观破碎化的影响。根据分析结果, 可将研究区22种土地利用类型分为未利用地、平原耕地、山地耕地和灌草地4大类;可将研究区25个区县样方可分为低脆弱剧烈破碎区;低脆弱极强破碎区;低脆弱强破碎区;中脆弱中强破碎区;重脆弱中破碎区;重脆弱轻破碎区;中脆弱微破碎区7个样方群,空间上它们分属于渝东部、渝中部和渝西部3个区域,其土壤侵蚀性从东往西逐渐减弱。除趋势典范对应分析结果表明,较强的土壤侵蚀会加剧土地利用景观的破碎化,加剧破碎化的强度同土壤侵蚀等级呈现出相反的趋势。      

Types and spatial combinations of Danxia landform of Fangyan in Zhejiang Province

The prominent types of Danxia landform in Fangyan include enclosed valleys, mesas, peaks, stone columns and grooves etc. Their spatial combinations have regular configurations along the northwest–southeast direction: typical grooves and caves are located in the northwestern Wufengshuyuan mainly; abundant fresh collapsed stones may be observed in central Jimingfeng and Taohuafeng; stone drums and stone columns are in the southeastern Shiguliao particularly; enclosed valleys are encircling joints of peaks and plains from three directions east, west, and south. Their spatial combinations reflect that the developments of Danxia landform have undergone stages of geomorphic cyclical erosion in the form of weathering, collapse, transportation, sedimentation and other processes, together with the “sculpture” of external forces mainly as tectonic uplift. The picturesque Danxia landform began its formation at that point. Danxia landform developed mainly in the strata of Fangyan Formation (K1f) caused by the alluvial fan-braided river phase of anterior fan in the late period of the Early Cretaceous. Regular patterns of weathering of stones and features of braided alluvial phase sediments may be verified by the analysis of three groups of experimental data. Danxia landform of Fangyan is a unique representative of the “adolescent” development type in the application of the World Natural Heritages status in China, by virtue of its outstanding universal aesthetic and scientific value.     

浙江方岩丹霞地貌类型及其空间组合

andform of Fangyan is a unique representative of the "adolescent" development type in the application of the World Natural Heritages status in China, by virtue of its outstanding universal aesthetic and scientific value.     

基于GIS的中国人居环境自然适宜性评价

With the degeneration of environment and acceleration of urbanization, human environment has attracted great attention worldwide. This paper sets up the Human Settle-ments Environment Index (HEI) model and evaluates the natural environment suitability for Human Settlements in China based on GIS technology. The results show that the HEI of China decreases from southeast to northwest in general, HEI is significantly correlated with population density at grid size and the correlation coefficient (r) between them reaches 0.93, which indicates that natural environment suitability for Human Settlements has a significant influence on population distribution. Most people in China mainly concentrate in areas with high natural environment suitability. The total suitable area is 430.47×104> km2, which ac-counts for nearly 45% of the total land area in China, while the proportion of people living in the area reaches 96.56%. With a population density of 18 people per square kilometer, the critical area is the transitional region for people to live in China. The critical area covers 225.11×104 km2 with a population of 41.12 million. The non-suitable area covers 304.42×104 km2 with a population of only 2.49 million.     

GIS和GOCAD支持下的矿山3D地质建模

在综合分析3D地质数据模型的基础上.提出将源数据模型分为GIS可描述和GIS不可描述数据模型的分类方法,在ArcGIS和G0(:AD平台下构建了基于GIS的多元、多方法集成的矿山3D地质模型.ArcGIS平台下描述GIS可描述数据模型,并进行数据管理和空间数据分析;GIS不可描述数据模型一方面在GOCAD下描述复杂的地质构造,另一方面采用面向对象的聚合派生法描述矿山工程模型中的空间实体,并利用Geodatabase建立两者的关联.实例应用表明,该方法保持了数据在空间和时间上的一致性,为矿山安全生产管理提供了有效和可靠的空间数据及可视化支持.     

江苏省盐城滨海湿地獐的春季种群数量与分布

为掌握江苏盐城滨海湿地獐(Hydripotes inermis)的最新种群数量与分布状况,于2007年3～5月,在江苏省盐城滨海湿地用样线法对獐的春季种群数量与分布进行了调查.调查结果表明,獐在盐城滨海湿地有2个分布区,一个在射阳县境内,以盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区核心区为中心,扩散至射阳芦苇公司及其周边区域;另一个位于大丰县境内,从大丰麋鹿保护区的第一核心区至第三核心区及周边荒地.獐在盐城滨海湿地的总数量在372只左右,其中盐城国家级自然保护区核心区分布獐的数量和密度最高,其数量约为327只,密度为1.9只/km2.与20世纪90年代调查数据相比,獐的分布范围和数量均显著下降.     

湖北省湿地可持续发展对策研究

随着湖北省社会经济快速发展,湖北省湿地资源的保护和持续利用面临许多问题。具体表现在开发管理混乱、水土流失严重、湿地面积减少、水污染加剧、生物资源过度利用和资源开发利用方式粗放方面。自然和人为因素的影响是湿地可持续发展面临问题产生的主要原因。有针对性地提出了湿地可持续发展应采取的政策、生态、科技和宣传教育措施。     

中国城市空间拓展研究动态

本文在总结了近年来中国城市空间拓展在形态与模式、空间拓展机制、空间拓展动态模拟、空间拓展环境效应等多方面所取得的丰硕成果和研究进展的基础上,提出现阶段中国城市空间拓展研究的主要特点是采用定量化的研究方法,筛选城市空间拓展的驱动因素,应用遥感和地理信息系统获得城市空间拓展准确信息,在此基础上构建模型对不同时空尺度的城市空间拓展过程加以模拟,并对城市空间拓展引起的生态环境效应加以分析,以此开展相关理论研究工作。针对目前研究工作特点和存在的不足,本文认为,今后中国城市空间拓展的主要发展方向应是借助日臻完善的研究手段和方法,深入开展城市空间拓展合理性评价,构建定量化动态模型,协调城市空间用地的增量布局与存量调整,并加强与国外城市空间拓展的比较研究。     

Sediment accumulation of Dianchi Lake determined by 137Cs dating

The water quality of Dianchi Lake declines quickly and the eutrophication is getting serious. To identify the internal pollution load of Dianchi Lake it is necessary to evaluate its sediment accumulation. Sedimentation rates of Dianchi Lake are determined by 137Cs dating. However, 137Cs vertical distribution in sediment cores of Dianchi Lake has special characteristics because Dianchi Lake is located on the southeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Kunming quasi-stationary front is over the borders of Yunnan and Guizhou where the specific precipitation is distributed. Besides 1954, 1963 and 1986 137Cs marks can be determined in sediment cores, a 137Cs mark of 1976 representing the major period of 137Cs released from China unclear test can be determined and used for an auxiliary dating mark. Meanwhile Dianchi Lake is divided into seven sections based on the water depth, basin topography, hydrological features and supplies of silt and the lakebed area of each section is calculated. The mean annual sedimentation rates for seven sections are 0.0810, 0.1352, 0.1457, 0.1333, 0.0904, 0.1267 and 0.1023 g/cm2a in 1963–2003, respectively. The gross sediment accumulation of the lake is 26.18×104 t/a in recent 17 years and 39.86×104 t/a in recent 50 years.     

蒙城地震台地电阻率各向异性参量研究

地电阻率各向异性参量计算方法是由钱复业,赵玉林等研究出来的方法。我们试用该方法编制相应的计算机程序,对蒙城地震台1978～2008年地电阻率的数据进行处理;并结合震例进行对比分析,发现对于震中距300km内的中强震,与地电阻率各向异性参数的趋势性变化存在密切的关系;地电阻率各向异性参量特征可以反映孕震区地下介质的孕震信息,对未来地震的预测将起到一定作用。