Identification of Pb sources in Yellow Sea sediments using stable Pb isotope ratios

Rapid economic developments in East Asian countries have inevitably resulted in environmental degradation in the surrounding seas, and concern for both the environment and protection from pollutants is increasing. Identification of sources of contaminants is essential to environmental pollution management. In this study, the provenance of anthropogenic lead (Pb), a major pollutant of Yellow Sea sediments, was determined for river mouth sediments, including those of the Changjiang, Huanghe, Han, and Geum Rivers, and for age-determined shelf core sediments through the measurement of Pb isotope ratios in the HCl-leached fraction using multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC ICP/MS). Anthropogenic Pb has accumulated in shelf core sediments since 1910, and its isotope ratios were estimated as 0.863–0.866 and 2.119–2.125 for ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb, respectively, from the mixing relationships of the two endmembers. River mouth sediments exhibited enough distinction in anthropogenic Pb isotope ratios to be discriminated: 0.874 (2.144) in the Huanghe, 0.856 (2.129) in the Han, 0.857 (2.122) in the Geum, and 0.854 (2.101) in the Changjiang for ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb), respectively. Although isotope ratios of geogenic Pb in sediments dating before 1910 showed narrow ranges (0.842–0.845 and 2.088–2.100 for ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb, respectively), distinct isotope ratios in each core permitted source identification of sediments in the Yellow Sea based on geographic locations and the geogenic Pb of each river. By comparing the isotope ratios of the estimated anthropogenic Pb to source-related materials, the provenances of anthropogenic Pb in Chinese river sediments were presumed to be Chinese coal or ore, which is also a major source of atmospheric particulate Pb. The anthropogenic Pb in the shelf core sediments in the northern Yellow Sea originated from northern Chinese cities such as Beijing and Tianjin through atmospheric pathways. Pb isotope ratios indicated that Pb in Korean river sediments was characteristic of local Korean ores.     

Distribution and number change of the Littorinidae (Gastropoda) on intertidal hard bed in the Jiulong River Estuary

There are 4 species of Littorinidae on the intertidal hard bed in the Jiulong River Estu-ary. They are Littorina scabra, L. brevicula, Nodilittorina pyramidalis pyramidalis and N.millegrana. Of these species, L. scabra is a dominant species. According to the results of in-vestigation, we find distribution patterns of the Littorinidae on intertidal hard bed in theestuary as follows: (1)There is no Littorinid species at Haicheng Station. (2)There is only Lit-     

弯睾鲫吸虫[Carassotrema flecterotestis(Zhukov,1971)comb.nov.]及其毛蚴发育观察

本文对取自台湾海峡棱鮻 (Lizacarinatus)消化道的弯睾软穴吸虫 (HapalotremaflecterotestisZhukov, 1971)进行重新描述,并对其毛蚴的体外发育进行观察.根据Yamaguti(1971)区分单孔科 (Haploporidae)和叉盘科 (Waretrematidae)的标准,同意李敏敏(1984)将其从单孔科移出并入叉盘科.在与叉盘科已知属比较后,我们发现该吸虫除睾丸形状外,其他主要特征与鲫吸虫属 (CarassotremaPark, 1938)的相似.因此,我们拟将其作为后者的同物异名,并将该吸虫重新命名为弯睾鲫吸虫 [Caras sotremaflecterotestis(Zhukov, 1971)comb. nov. ].实验结果表明:在室温 7~24℃(均值为 15. 3℃)条件下,其虫卵从单个卵细胞到毛蚴孵出共需 12d.     

汶川抗震救灾的基础地理信息综合应急服务

在5．12汶川特大地震抗震救灾中,国家测绘部门设计和组织实施了以数据成果服务、专用系统服务和专题制图服务为核心的基础地理信息综合应急服务。其是针对汶川震区地形特点和抗震救灾主体工作需求,快速整合和提供震区已有的基础测绘成果和最新遥感影像资料;快速搭建集震区海量数据集成管理为一体并具备3维影像浏览、对比分析等功能的专用地理信息系统,为灾情评估分析和重建规划研究提供地理空间数据集成展示和分析平台;应需地制作反映受灾范围、受灾程度、救灾响应、规划思路等的各类专题地图和地图集,有效地表达地震灾害的时空分布、重建规划布局等。     

VR-GIS技术在高压输电线选线中的应用研究——以康定-崇州500kv送电线路为例

VR-GIS技术是一门新兴技术,已经在很多领域得到广泛应用。本文基于ERDAS、ArcGIS、MapGIS等遥感和GIS专业软件,将VR-GIS技术应用到高压输电线选线中,制作康定-崇州500kv送电线路(大杠～沙坪段)走廊带的三维景观飞行模拟系统,再现研究区真实地形、地貌,使工作人员沉浸于虚拟环境中,为其分析和处理问题提供方便,解决因自然环境恶劣造成的外业调查困难等问题。     

利用双向缓冲区算法综合海图岛屿

阐述了岛屿综合的内容和原则。介绍了双向缓冲区算法的概念并给出了双向缓冲区算法的定义,研究并证明了双向缓冲区算法的特性。分析了利用双向缓冲区算法综合海图岛屿的原理,并通过实验验证利用双向缓冲区算法综合海图岛屿具有较好的效果。     

基于MSA特征的遥感图像多目标关联算法

遥感图像中多目标关联存在以下两个问题:一是低时间分辨率观测使得目标状态信息无法准确估计,基于Kalman滤波的多目标关联算法不再适用;二是基于图像特征的目标关联算法又无法处理大场景观测中多个目标关联引起的模糊性.针对上述问题,提出一种基于多尺度自卷积特征匹配和关联代价矩阵最优化的多目标关联算法.实验表明该算法对遥感图像中多目标关联问题具有一定的适用性.     

基于蚁群智能的遥感影像分类新方法

智能式遥感分类是遥感研究的新热点.提出了一种基于蚁群智能规则挖掘(ant-miner)的遥感影像分类新方法.遥感数据各波段之间存在较强的相关性,这种相关性往往会导致分类产生误差.而ant-miner算法中的信息素是基于规则整体性能的,信息素的动态更新能有效地处理相关性较强的数据,所提供的正反馈信息能纠正启发式函数缺陷所造成的错误.因此,蚁群智能算法应用于遥感分类具有一定的优势.将该方法用于广州市地区的遥感影像,取得了较好的分类结果.并与See5.0决策树方法及最大似然方法(MLH)进行了对比研究,实验结果表明,蚁群智能算法分类精度比后两者的分类精度更高.     

2008年度海洋与极地科学领域项目受理与评审

12008年度面上项目受理和同行通讯评议情况1.1项目受理情况2008年地球科学四处共受理申请项目708项,其中包括面上项目440项、青年基金259项和地区基金9项,申请项数比2007年增加12.2%。面上项目比2007年增加27项,增长6.5%;青年基金增加45项,增长21%;地区基金与2007年度相比增加5     

基于LBV变换的遥感影像多步骤分类法研究

面对与日俱增的遥感数据,如何快速准确地进行影像分类成为遥感领域亟待解决的问题。本文在前人的基础上提出了一种基于LBV变换的遥感影像多步骤分类方法。L:地物的总辐射水平,集中反映了裸地的信息;B:地物的可见-红外光辐射平衡,是地面水分状况和水体存在的一个良好指标;V:地物辐射随波段变化的方向和速度向量,能集中反映地面植被状况。多步骤分类法遵循由易到难的原则,能克服类别之间的互相影响,从而提高分类精度。文章结合LBV变换和多步骤分类法的优点对影像进行了分类,结果表明该方法简单易行,且能达到良好的分类精度。