黑河下游胡杨季节尺度径向生长变化研究

利用半径型树木生长测量仪, 于2009-2010年生长季对西北内陆河-黑河流域下游荒漠河岸林优势树种-胡杨径向生长进行了监测, 结合环境气象、 水文因子同步监测资料, 对胡杨季节变化节律和环境影响因素进行了研究.结果表明: 按照胡杨径向生长日变化特征, 将其分为增长型(ΔR+)、 负增长型(ΔR-)和持续增长型(ΔR++)3种类型.在生长季, 胡杨径向生长季节变化呈"S"型, 可分为前期缓慢增长(P1)、 迅速增长(P2)和后期微弱增长(P3) 3个阶段; ΔR+/++类型在这3个阶段中所占比例分别为63.64%, 85.51%和48.61%; 5月末至8月初是胡杨年轮形成的主要阶段, 在该阶段气温和地下水位埋深均表现出显著的相关关系, 但地下水位埋深应是最根本的因素. 因此, 在树木年轮学应用方面, 胡杨可以用来反演区域水环境变化, 包括河道径流和地下水位变化等. 在荒漠河岸林管理方面, 满足春夏季地下水位条件和适度频率的春汛, 是保证该地区胡杨河岸林正常生长和保持合理种群结构的前提.     

应用多传感器目标跟踪融合技术实现滑坡多点监测数据综合信息的提取

目前的滑坡预报模型只能利用一个关键监测点的监测数据，而不能同时利用多个监测点的监测信息，即只能处理一维时间序列问题.为了解决这个技术难题，本文将滑坡视为一个机动目标，将对滑坡的监测视为对机动目标的跟踪，提出了利用多传感器目标跟踪融合技术来处理滑坡多个点的监测数据的方法，分析了其可行性，并用实例说明了本文提出的方法在实际应用中是有效的.     

巨石、中粗砂填海区风动潜孔锤引孔钻进工艺应用的研究

通过成功地解决深圳市好湾电厂（二期）基础工程H型桩沉入困难问题，使用各种风动潜孔锤在巨石、中粗砂填海区进行了引孔钻进工艺的试验研究及应用，对风动潜孔锤钻进工艺及其机具的使用作了进一步的分析研究，提出了风动潜孔锤使用过程中工艺方面的改进措施。     

Connections Between Different Types of El Nio and Southern/Northern Oscillation

It has long been acknowledged that there are two types of El Nio events, i.e., the eastern Pacific El Nio (EE) and the central Pacific El Nio (CE), according to the initial position of the anomalous warm water and its propagation direction. In this paper, the oceanic and atmospheric evolutions and the possible mechanisms of the two types of El Nio events were examined. It is found that all the El Nio events, CE or EE, could be attributed to the joint impacts of the eastward advection of warm water from...     

Lower Eocene carbonate-cemented “chimney” structures (Varna, Bulgaria) — Control of seepage rates on their formation and stable isotopic signature

The genesis of Lower Eocene calcite-cemented columns, “pisoid”-covered structures and horizontal interbeds, clustered in dispersed outcrops in the Pobiti Kamani area (Varna, Bulgaria) is related to fossil processes of hydrocarbon migration. Field observations, petrography and stable isotope geochemistry of the cemented structures and associated early-diagenetic veins, revealed that varying seepage rates of a single, warm hydrocarbon-bearing fluid, probably ascending along active faults, controlled the type of structure formed and its geochemical signature. Slow seepage allowed methane to oxidize within the sediment under ambient seafloor conditions (δ¹⁸O = − 1 ± 0.5‰ V-PDB), explaining columns' depleted δ¹³C ratios of − 43‰. Increasing seepage rates caused methane to emanate into the water column (δ¹³C = − 8‰) and raised precipitation temperatures (δ¹⁸O = − 8‰). Calcite-cemented conduits formed and upward migrating fluids also affected interbed cementation. Even higher-energy fluid flow and temperatures likely controlled the formation of “pisoids”, whereby sediment was whirled up and cemented.     

GPS RTK校准检测试验场建设的研究

叙述了GPSRTK接收机校准检测试验场建设的方法,介绍了GPSRTK接收机校准检测的步骤,提出了GPSRTK校准检测的项目和结果判定方法,为未来的GPSRTK国家检定规程的出台做了有益地探索。     

基于LIDAR数据的建筑轮廓线提取及规则化算法研究

建筑轮廓线提取与规则化是LIDAR数据处理和建筑三维建模的重要步骤和技术难点.首次将"Alpha Shapes算法"应用于LIDAR数据处理,实践证明该算法简洁高效、运行稳定、提取精度高,适用于任何形状的建筑轮廓线提取,并具有一定自适应性和滤波功能,非常适合LIDAR点云数据提取建筑轮廓线.同时,提出了改进的"管子算法"用于原始轮廓线的简化,提出了适用于四边形的"矩形外接圆法"和适用于多边形(大于四边且边数为偶数)的"分类强制正交法"以进一步实现轮廓线的规则化,最终解决了离散点云提取规则建筑轮廓线的核心问题.实践证明,本文所述算法适用于凸凹多边形建筑内外轮廓线的提取与规则化.     

Simulation of site-scale water fluxes in desert and natural oasis ecosystems of the arid region in Northwest China

The study of water fluxes is important to better understand hydrological cycles in arid regions. Data-driven machine learning models have been recently applied to water flux simulation. Previous studies have built site-scale simulation models of water fluxes for individual sites separately, requiring a large amount of data from each site and significant computation time. For arid areas, there is no consensus as to the optimal model and variable selection method to simulate water fluxes. Using data from seven flux observation sites in the arid region of Northwest China, this study compared the performance of random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), back propagation neural network (BPNN), and multiple linear regression (MLR) models in simulating water fluxes. Additionally, the study investigated inter-annual and seasonal variation in water fluxes and the dominant drivers of this variation at different sites. A universal simulation model for water flux was built using the RF approach and key variables as determined by MLR, incorporating data from all sites. Model performance of the SVM algorithm (R² = 0.25–0.90) was slightly worse than that of the RF algorithm (R² = 0.41–0.91); the BPNN algorithm performed poorly in most cases (R² = 0.15–0.88). Similarly, the MLR results were limited and unreliable (R² = 0.00–0.66). Using the universal RF model, annual water fluxes were found to be much higher than the precipitation received at each site, and natural oases showed higher fluxes than desert ecosystems. Water fluxes were highest during the growing season (May–September) and lowest during the non-growing season (October–April). Furthermore, the dominant drivers of water flux variation were various among different sites, but the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil moisture and soil temperature were important at most sites. This study provides useful insights for simulating water fluxes in desert and oasis ecosystems, understanding patterns of variation and the underlying mechanisms. Besides, these results can make a contribution as the decision-making basis to the water management in desert and oasis ecosystems.     

广西象州崖脚晚泥盆世—晚石炭世巴平组的地质时代

本文通过重新测制剖面和补充采样,系统检查和研究了崖脚剖面晚泥盆世晚期—晚石炭世早期牙形石生物地层。通过对在17个牙形石样品中获得的丰富的牙形石材料鉴定,厘定了一些重要牙形石分类。在此基础上,根据牙形石垂向分布特征,确定了带化石的层位。崖脚剖面五指山组上部和巴平组划分出7个牙形石带:五指山组上部为Palmatolepis graciliss辔moidalis带;巴平组下段分别为Siphonodella duplicate带,S.crenulata带,S.isosticha带,Scaliognathus preaanchoralis带和S.anchoralis带下部;巴平组上段为S.anchoralis带上部和Declinognathodas noduliferus noduliferus亚带;巴平组的牙形石带特征显示巴平组的地质时代为晚泥盆世—晚石炭世早期。巴平组地质时代的确定为不同相区层序地层划分,特别是对早石炭世斜坡相区地层划分与对比提供了可靠的依据。