卤水中溶解性有机质的光谱学性质和光降解行为研究

卤水中溶解性有机质(dissolved organic matter,DOM)会对盐田日晒工艺和产品质量产生不利影响,如盐田卤水的蒸发速率减缓、蒸发度减小以及提取的矿物产品带有刺鼻的气味、浓重的颜色等。因此,对具有资源开发利用价值的卤水体系中DOM结构和性质的研究可以为后续DOM的有效去除或在DOM共存体系中调控无机盐结晶工艺路线提供有效的指导意见。本文以自然界中广泛存在的两种不同类型的卤水体系,即盐湖卤水DOM(SLDOM)和油田卤水DOM(OFDOM)为研究对象,采用溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)分析、光谱学分析和平行因子分析等手段对DOM的含量、分子量分布特征、光谱学结构和光降解行为开展了研究。DOC和荧光分析表明SLDOM和OFDOM的DOC含量和生物指数(BIX)值相似;与OFDOM相比,SLDOM的腐质化指数(HIX)值和高分子量组分(HMW)比例偏高;特别吸收光谱(SUVA₂₅₄)和糖类化合物含量检测结果表明,SLDOM和OFDOM的HMW组分中含有的芳香类和糖类化合物所占比例比低分子量组分(LMW)高;三维荧光谱图分析(EEM)结果表明,SLDOM主要以腐殖质类物质为主,而OFDOM以蛋白质类组分为主。此外,DOM的荧光组分在不同分子量中的分布也存在明显差异:对于SLDOM,富里酸主要分布在HMW DOM中,而腐殖酸主要在LMW DOM中;对于OFDOM,芳香胺类蛋白组分主要分布在HMW DOM中,色氨酸和酪氨酸类蛋白组分主要分布在LMM DOM中。在光降解实验中,SLDOM和OFDOM的DOC含量随光照时间增加而逐渐减少,分别下降了29.32%和15.11%。进一步的分析表明,光照过程中两种卤水中糖类化合物均减少,小分子量的DOM优先分解。此外,在光照过程中SLDOM芳香类化合物增加,腐质化程度基本不变;OFDOM芳香类化合物减少,腐质化程度增加。EEM平行因子分析(PARAFAC)结果表明,SLDOM荧光组分在光降解过程中荧光强度增加,而OFDOM荧光强度减少。     

Geochronological and geochemical evidence for a Late Ordovician to Silurian arc-back-arc system in the northern Great Xing'an Range,NE China

The early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Xing'an-Mongolian Orogenic Belt is dominated by two oceanic basins on the northwestern and southeastern sides of the Xing'an Block,i.e.,the Xinlin-Xiguitu Ocean and the Nenjiang Ocean.However,the early development of the Nenjiang Ocean remains unclear.Here,we present zircon U-Pb geochronology and whole-rock elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic data on the gabbros in the Xinglong area together with andesitic tuffs and basalts in the Duobaoshan area.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of gabbros and andesitic tuffs yielded crystallization ages of 443-436 Ma and 452-451 Ma,respectively.The Early Silurian Xinglong gabbros show calc-alkaline and E-MORB affinities but they are enriched in LILEs,and depleted in HFSEs,with relatively low U/Th ratios of 0.18-0.36 andεNd(t)values of-1.6 to+0.5.These geochemical features suggest that the gabbros might originate from a mantle wedge modified by pelagic sediment-derived melts,consistent with a back-arc basin setting.By contrast,the andesitic tuffs are characterized by high MgO(>5 wt.%),Cr(138-200 ppm),and Ni(65-110 ppm)contents,and can be termed as high-Mg andesites.Their low Sr/Y ratios of 15.98-17.15 and U/Th values of 0.24-0.25 and moderate(La/Sm)_n values of 3.07-3.26 are similar to those from the Setouchi Volcanic Belt(SW Japan),and are thought to be derived from partial melting of subducted sediments,and subsequent melt-mantle interaction.The Duobaoshan basalts have high Nb(8.44-10.30 ppm)and TiO2 contents(1.17-1.60 wt.%),typical of Nb-enriched basalts.They are slightly younger than regional adakitic rocks and have positiveεNd(t)values of+5.2 to+5.7 and are interpreted to be generated by partial melting of a depleted mantle source metasomatized by earlier adakitic melts.Synthesized with coeval arc-related igneous rocks from the southeastern Xing'an Block,we propose that the Duobaoshan high-Mg andesitic tuffs and Nbenriched basalts are parts of the Late Ordovician and Silurian Sonid Zuoqi-Duobaoshan arc belt,and they were formed by the northwestern subduction of the Nenjiang Ocean.Such a subduction beneath the integrated Xing'an-Erguna Block also gave rise to the East Ujimqin-Xinglong igneous belt in a continental back-arc basin setting.Our new data support an early Paleozoic arc-back-arc model in the northern Great Xing'an Range.     

Compression behavior of MICP-treated sand with various gradations

Acta Geotechnica - One-dimensional compression tests on quartz sands treated by microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) were carried out to evaluate the effects of gradation and calcium...     

Investigation of the penetration characteristics of snake skin-inspired pile using DEM

Acta Geotechnica - Snake can perfectly utilize its scales to move. Inspired by the snake scales, this study investigated the characteristics of the snake skin-inspired pile penetration process. Six...     

A generalized model for effective thermal conductivity of soils considering porosity and mineral composition

Acta Geotechnica - Soils have a variety of mineral compositions. Although a number of thermal conductivity models have been developed for soils, few quantitatively investigated the effect of...     

Carboniferous ridge subduction in the Xingmeng Orogenic Belt: Constraints from geochronological,geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic analysis of strongly peraluminous granites and gabbro-diorites in the Xilinhot micro-continent

The Xingmeng Orogenic Belt evolved through a long-lived orogeny involving multiple episodes of subduction and accretion. However, there is a debate on its tectonic evolution during the Late Paleozoic. Here, we report geochemical, geochronological, and isotopic data from strongly peraluminous granites and gabbro-diorites from the Sunidzuoqi–Xilinhot region. Zircon U–Pb ages suggest that the intrusive rocks were emplaced during the Early Carboniferous (333–322 Ma). The granites exhibit geochemical characteristics similar to S-type granites, with high SiO₂ (72.34–76.53 wt.%), Al₂O₃ (12.45–14.65 wt.%), and A/CNK (1.07–1.16), but depleted Sr, Nb, and Ta contents. They exhibit positive ε_Nd(t) and ε_Hf(t) values (?0.3 to 2.8 and 2.7–5.7, respectively) and young Nd and Hf model ages (T_DM2(Nd)=853–1110 Ma and T_DM2(Hf)=975–1184 Ma), suggesting that they may be the partial melting products of heterogeneous sources with variable proportions of pelite, psammite, and metabasaltic rocks. The meta-gabbro-diorites from the Maihantaolegai pluton have low SiO₂ (47.06–53.49 wt.%) and K₂O (0.04–0.99 wt.%) contents, and demonstrate slight light rare earth element (REE) depletion in the chondrite-normalized REE diagrams. They have high zircon ε_Hf(t) values (14.41–17.34) and young Hf model ages (T_DM2(Hf)= 230–418 Ma), indicating a more depleted mantle source. The variations of the Sm/Yb and La/Sm ratios can thus be used to assess the melting degree of the mantle source from 5% to 20%, suggesting a quite shallow mantle melting zone. We propose that the petrogenesis and distribution of the strongly peraluminous granites and gabbro-diorites, as well as the tectonic architecture of the region, can be explained by a ridge subduction model. Based on these results, and previous studies, we suggest a southward ridge subduction model for the Sunidzuoqi–Xilinhot region.     

Pore structure and heterogeneity of shale gas reservoirs and its effect on gas storage capacity in the Qiongzhusi Formation

Fine characterization of pore systems and heterogeneity of shale reservoirs are significant contents of shale gas reservoir physical property research.The research on micro-control factors of low productivity in the Qiongzhusi Formation(Fm.)is still controversial.The lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Fm.in the Qujing,Yunnan was taken as the object to investigate the influence of mineral compositions on the phys-ical properties of the reservoir and the heterogeneity of shale,using the algorithm to improve the char-acterization ability of Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM).The results showed that:(1)The pores are mainly wedge-shaped pores and V-shaped pores.The pore diameter of the main pore segment ranges from 5 to 10 nm.Mesopores are mainly developed in the Qiongzhusi Fm.shale in Well QD1,with the average pore diameter of 6.08 nm.(2)Microscopic pore structure and shale surface properties show strong hetero-geneity,which complicates the micro-migration of shale gas and increases the difficulty of identifying high-quality reservoirs.(3)The increase of clay mineral content intensifies the compaction and then destroys the pores.Conversely,brittle minerals can protect pores.The support and protection of brittle minerals to pores space depend on their content,mechanical properties and diagenesis.(4)Compression damage to pores,large microscopic roughness and surface fluctuations and strong pore structure heterogeneity are the reasons for the poor gas storage capacity of the Qiongzhusi Fm.,which will lead to poor productivity in the Qiongzhusi Fm.     

1990—2018年长沙市土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响

评估生态系统服务价值(Ecosystem Service Values,ESV)有利于衡量生态系统服务供给潜力和生态效益的大小,对城市生态规划与土地利用管控起到重要的支撑作用。选择长沙市为研究区域,基于1990、2000、2010和2018年4期土地利用现状遥感监测数据集,利用ArcGIS软件和经本地化校正的当量因子法,分析1990—2018年间的土地利用变化特征,并探讨土地利用变化对ESV的影响。结果表明: ①1990—2018年长沙市土地利用变化轨迹以耕地→林地互相转化以及建设用地对耕地、林地的侵占为主; ②1990—2018年长沙市的ESV共减少53.17×10⁸ 元,降幅3.59%,除水域外各类ESV均呈下降趋势,林地和耕地服务价值减少最明显; ③在各单项服务功能中,水文调节的价值最大,其次是气候调节,两者之和占总价值的54%; ④“退耕还林”“退田还湖”“兴工强市”等政策引起的土地利用变化势必对ESV造成影响,城市快速扩张、土地开发会导致ESV不断下降。综合分析认为,在调整研究区土地利用结构、优化土地配置时应充分重视水域、林地等生态系统服务价值较高的土地利用类型,减缓ESV的下降趋势。     

青海黄南地区近54年蒸发量变化特征及其影响因子

利用青海省黄南地区近54a(1960—2013年)蒸发量、气温、降水量、日照时数、水汽压等资料,应用地理信息系统、数理统计、线性回归和Mann-Kendall检验等方法分析了黄南地区蒸发量的空间及时间变化趋势,并对黄南地区蒸发量变化特征及其影响因子进行了诊断研究。结果表明:黄南地区年平均蒸发量呈明显的下降趋势,20世纪60—70年代为蒸发量偏多阶段,80年代及后为偏少阶段;黄南地区蒸发量最大的季节是春季和夏季,各季蒸发量均呈减少趋势;黄南地区年蒸发量在1973年发生了由多到少的突变,春、夏、秋、冬季分别发在1973、1975、1976和1974年;分析影响蒸发量的相关因子,蒸发量与日照时数呈显著的正相关关系,与水汽压和降水量呈显著的负相关关系,日照时数的减小是蒸发量减少的主要影响因子。     

一次攀西地区飑线天气过程形成机制分析

利用地面气象常规观测资料、区域自动站观测资料、雷达及卫星资料和NCEP 1°×1°的逐6h再分析资料,对2018年5月13日攀西地区南部的飑线天气过程的形成机制进行分析。结果表明:飑线发生在高空槽前,高空槽逐渐东移推动冷性气流沿背风坡东移,然后与前方低层暖空气汇合抬升形成对流;露点锋触发了飑线天气过程的形成;产生飑线天气区域的大气具有上干下湿、不稳定能量高、垂直风切变强、高层风速大和形成之前存在逆温层的特点;高空急流和动量下传对飑线的发生和加强具有促进作用;地形对飑线的形成和天气现象的分布有影响。