基于阜新市的土壤多样性与土地利用类型关联性分析

以阜新市为研究对象,将土地利用动态演变的模拟和预测以及关联分析测度方法应用于土壤多样性和土地利用类型关联性分析的研究中。选取1985—2015年间8个时期的遥感影像进行土地利用分类,并基于土壤矢量数据,对阜新市土壤和土地利用的多样性进行初步分析和定量化研究,探究了土壤与土地利用之间的关联性。研究结果表明:对阜新市土壤多样性指数影响因子的关联度从大到小依次是城镇、农用地、林地、水域、其他,关联度值分别为0.850 6、0.747 7、0.779 5、0.803 3、0.641 9,选取城镇、农用地、林地和水域这4个因子作为多元线性回归模型中的自变量参数,对土壤多样性指数进行预测,得到相关系数R=0.990,因此,4个因子对土壤多样性指数影响具有较强的关联性。由此可见,大规模土地利用变化是引起土壤多样性变化的一个首要驱动因子。     

POS系统辅助无人机正射影像快速制作

基于INPHO软件对无人机航摄数据进行正射影像快速制作,阐述了数字正射影像图的制作流程,并对影响最终成果质量的关键环节进行了方法改进,从而总结出了快速制作无人机高质量数字正射影像图的方法和技巧。     

Fracture mechanism of rock collapse in the freeze–thaw zone of the eastern Sichuan–Tibet Mountains under seasonal fluctuating combinations of water and heat

Natural Hazards - In the freeze–thaw zone of the eastern Sichuan–Tibet Mountains, the phases of water in cracks show strong seasonal variations, which significantly affect the stability...     

Physical Model Tests on the Effect of Anchoring on the Splitting Failure of Deep Large-Scale Underground Rock Cavern

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - A set of splitting cracks often occur in the high side wall of the deep underground hydropower station due to the excavation-induced unloading during the...     

不同覆盖措施对高寒地区剥离的草皮块堆放温湿度及成活的影响

重大工程建设会扰动高寒草地,法规要求扰动区草皮层应予以剥离,待工程建设后再用于恢复原生植被,当前对剥离草皮堆放成活的影响研究较少。试验设计遮阳网与穿孔膜两种覆盖条件,探讨分析其对剥离的草皮块堆放与铺植利用后土壤温湿度及草皮块返青覆盖度的影响,研究结果表明：遮阳网覆盖堆体较自然地表日均土壤温度显著降低,同时各深度层极大延长冻结期,降水对土壤水分的补充效应延后,并造成堆放期水分大量损失;穿孔膜覆盖堆体较自然地表提高了土壤温度,阻碍了降水对土壤水分的补充,并造成堆放后土壤吸持水能力降低。遮阳网覆盖的草皮块返青覆盖度显著高于穿孔膜覆盖的返青覆盖度,堆放期日平均土壤温度>0 ℃的堆放日数与草皮块返青覆盖度的线性拟合较好。工程建设中应尽量缩短堆放时长,采用透水透气类覆盖材料,增加土壤与空气热量交换,以维持更长的冻结期,并适时补充水分,提高草皮块铺植的恢复成效。     

藏南泽当地区大反向逆冲断层变形研究——以磁组构与EBSD组构分析为例

仁布-泽当逆冲断层是喜马拉雅大反向逆冲断层（GCT）在藏南地区的重要延伸部分,也是喜马拉雅造山带北部边界新生代最为活动的构造单元之一。新生代以来特提斯喜马拉雅的构造变形组构特征的研究对于深入理解碰撞造山带演化与高原隆升具有重要构造意义。本文综合GCT泽当-琼结段断层的宏观与微观变形特征,对断裂带石英脉、围岩中石英和云母矿物的电子背散射（EBSD）组构及断层两侧岩石磁组构（AMS）特征进行对比分析。结果表明对AMS主要贡献来自顺磁性云母、绿泥石等,磁化率各向异性椭球体以压扁状为主,磁面理与构造面理（劈理、断层面）基本重合,显示较强的构造变形磁组构特征;磁线理优选方向近南北向,且与观测北向逆冲断层方向一致,揭示剪切作用在变形过程中的持续作用。研究发现泽当地区GCT附近石英微观结构从围岩至断层区,石英至少呈现3种不同类型的微观变形机制：围岩区溶解蠕变、断裂带石英以膨凸重结晶和亚颗粒旋转重结晶作用为主。断裂带石英的c轴EBSD组构指示变形为低温（300~400℃）环境,其中黑云母的结晶学优选（CPO）与磁组构主轴优选方向存在高度的一致性,进一步证实了顺磁性矿物黑云母对AMS的主要贡献。综合研究表明泽当地区GCT的韧性变形是断层处在中上地壳韧性带的活动阶段变形的结果,也代表了特提斯喜马拉雅在碰撞、高原隆升期的变形主要特征。     

盾构超近距离侧穿铁路桥桩保护方案探讨

郑州地铁某盾构区间超近距离侧穿铁路桥梁桩基,受地面空间及隧道与桥桩间净距限制,无法采用隔离桩等常规保护措施.结合工程实际情况提出“盾构通过范围内土体注浆加固”、“桥梁承台加固”以及“注浆+承台加固”三种措施,利用数值模拟手段,对盾构侧穿施工期间,不同保护方案下桥桩的变形规律进行了分析研究.研究结果表明,采用“盾构通过范围内土体注浆加固+承台加固”措施,可使桥面最大沉降值减少约45%,且可减少桥面横桥向不均匀沉降及桥桩水平位移,在很大程度上减少盾构隧道施工对铁路桥梁的不利影响.      

The U-Pb Geochronology and Lu-Hf Isotope Compositions of Detrital Zircons from the Nanhua Group of the Longsheng Region, South China and their Implications for Pan-African Events

It is unclear whether the South China blocks have an affinity with continental Gondwana due to a lack of direct Pan-African magmatic and metamorphic features. In this study, we conducted U-Pb geochronological and Lu-Hf isotopic analyses for detrital zircons from a sandstone of the Chang’an Formation of the Nanhua Group in the Longsheng region of northern Guangxi, with the aim of constraining the timing of sedimentation and information as to its source, as well as seeking evidence for Pan-African events in the South China blocks. The results show that the ages of detrital zircons peaked at 654.7 ± 6.2 Ma, 773.2 ± 4.1 Ma and 821.9 ± 6.5 Ma, with some at 920–870 Ma; the youngest age indicates the existence of the Pan-African thermal event. The εHf(t) and TDM2 values demonstrate that the study area has experienced three stages of crustal growth at 3.0–2.4 Ga, 2.1–1.5 Ga and 1.3–0.9 Ga. With intensively distributed Neoproterozoic mafic-ultramafic and granitic plutons emplaced at 830–810 Ma along the southwestern section of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt and positive εHf(t) values from a large group of zircon grains, it is proposed that the sediments of the Chang’an Formation (of Nanhua Group) were largely sourced from the southeastern margin of the Yangtze block. Comparison with the zircon age spectra of the Cathaysian block shows that about 79% of the Pan-African aged detrital zircon grains that have TDM2 = 1352–1031 Ma and εHf(t) = 3.68–8.79, were sourced from the recycled Grenvillian crust of the Cathaysian block, suggesting that the Cathaysian block had a close connection with Gondwana.     

综合物探方法在琼中地区地下水勘查中的应用

物探方法是寻找地下水的重要勘查手段之一.在查明区域水文地质条件的基础上,本文采用音频大地电磁测深和高密度电阻率法对海南省琼中县榕木村花岗岩区深部赋水断裂破碎带的位置、深度、规模和产状特征进行了探测,结果表明:赋水断裂破碎带主要表现为"凹槽"状或"条带"状低阻异常;可以采用激电半衰时(Th)、偏离度(r)以及视电阻率(ρs)等参数进行断裂破碎带含水层位置判别.通过水文地质钻探揭露,含水层位置与物探解译结果基本一致,证明激电半衰时和偏离度以及视电阻率等参数可以较可靠地确定赋水构造的位置和深度.综合物探勘查方法为水文地质钻井孔位设计提供了有效技术支撑,可对在类似地区进行地下水探测提供参考.     

Dissolution characteristics of deep?buried dolostone in the Member 5 of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in southern Ordos Basin

The different types of deep-buried dissolution process in the Member 5 of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the southern Ordos Basin and its influence on the reservoir properties are studied in this paper. It shows that three types of mechanisms include organic acid fluid, hydrothermal fluid and TSR are identified through studies of core observation, thin section analysis, inclusion temperature, trace elements and rare earth elements. It is found that the dissolution of organic acid fluid causes the stratified dissolution pores, film-like asphaltene and ring-like asphaltene, while hydrothermal fluid causes the non-selective dissolution pores without petrofabric, veins of pyrites, massive pyrites and the association of hypothermal minerals. Four occurrence models of dissolution include, (1) the deep-buried dissolution of low-temperature hydrothermal fluid occurs in Zhiluo Period of Middle Jurassic; (2) the deep-buried dissolution of organic acid fluid started from the late Middle Jurassic followed by the first hydrocarbon injection; (3) the deep-buried dissolution of middle-high temperature hydrothermal fluid occurred in the Dongsheng Period of Early Cretaceous; (4) TSR occurred at the end of Early Cretaceous with the second larger hydrocarbon injection. Both organic acid fluid and hydrothermal fluid can improve the porosity and permeability of reservoir, but the hydrothermal fluid is more effective than that of organic acid fluid.