印度Karnataka克拉通元古代Kaladgi石英砂岩中的微型剪切带

在印度Karnataka北部Lokapur地区的玻璃状石英岩中,可以观察到石英集合体在增加和连续应变环境中对变形作用的异常反应。细粒石英岩是斑状灰岩、石英岩和泥质岩多层序列中最强干的岩性单位,这一序列组成了双倾伏向斜构造,轴向为西-北西-东-南东,褶皱的幅度高波长短。与向斜轴向相切的异常层面破裂,可以清楚地在航空照片上识别出来。然而,石英集合体异常行为的表而显示在露头上是非常微弱的,因此,这儿应用了“微型剪切带”的概念。石英残斑显示的大量显微构造说明,在局部域中存在着复杂的变形作用环境。在显微薄片中识别出两组主要剪切面,其所夹锐角为65～70°,与优选定向方位的夹角为20°。沿剪切面分布的残斑显示出对变形作用反应的不一致性,而且部分地转变为新颗     

The cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa (Scleractinia) and enigmatic seabed mounds along the north-east Atlantic margin: are they related?

In this study, an updated distribution of Lophelia pertusa between the Porcupine Seabight and Norwegian shelf is presented. It seems unlikely that enigmatic mound structures observed at water depths of more than 570 m during acoustic seabed surveys, particularly to the west of the Shetland Islands, are related to the occurrence of L. pertusa. At these depths in the Faroe-Shetland Channel, the predominant influence of cold Arctic water precludes its growth. Iceberg dumpsites are also considered unlikely explanations for the origin of these mounds, and they are interpreted as most likely to be related to the release of fluids at the seabed. When mound structures were investigated, no scleractinian corals were recovered at water depths >500 m. This study shows the importance of seabed temperature as an environmental control on cold-water coral distribution. The significance of cold-water coral habitats in sustaining high levels of local-scale biodiversity is now becoming apparent in parallel with increased hydrocarbon extraction and fishing activity beyond the shelf edge. There is growing evidence that these areas have been marked by the passage of deep-water trawls. It seems likely that trawling activity has already reduced the extent of cold-water coral distribution in this region of the north-east Atlantic.     

前陆盆地的地层模式：逆冲变形和岩石圈流变的解释

为了预测在逆冲作用期间，产生于陆相前陆盆地中的地层形态和相模式，在数字模拟中结合了侵蚀和沉积作用。模拟结果的地层资料明显地表明，任何因相的退缩形成的阶梯层状的岩相组合，都可看作是一次逆冲事件的标志；相的退缩、盆地前缓隆起向逆冲断层方向迁移以及侵蚀不整合的出现是相辅成成的。以前，人们对前陆盆地在演化过程中所产生的盆地波长的改变，一直是用岩石圈粘弹性松弛的观点进行解释的。笔者则认为，盆地波长的改变主要     

基于U型神经网络的沙丘-草甸相间地区无人机影像植被覆盖度提取及其影响因素

为了精准监测沙丘-草甸相间地区景观尺度典型地类植被覆盖度动态变化,利用无人机获取的多时相高清RGB正射影像,构建了植被覆盖度提取U型神经网络深度学习模型,并对提取的植被覆盖度进一步分析了其在生长期(5-10月)的变化特征及对环境因子的响应.结果表明:(1)构建的植被覆盖度提取模型精确度较高,训练集准确率为0.82,验证...     

基于多源遥感和机器学习方法的科尔沁沙地植被覆盖度反演

植被覆盖度是监测生态系统及其功能的关键参数,如何提高大区域植被覆盖度的反演精度,对生态脆弱区环境可持续发展至关重要。本研究基于人工神经网络、支持向量回归和随机森林等机器学习方法,利用无人机、Worldview-2与Landsat 8 OLI遥感数据,对科尔沁沙地植被覆盖度进行多尺度反演。结果表明：随机森林模型比人工神经网络、支持向量回归模型表现佳,可在单元（试验区）、区域（研究区）尺度上较高精度地反演沙地的植被覆盖度,反演值与无人机实测值均在线性水平上呈显著相关（P<0.01）;在单元、区域尺度上,构建的植被覆盖度反演模型测试集R²分别为0.84、0.80,MSE分别为0.0145、0.0370,一致性指数d分别为0.9576、0.8991。利用多源遥感数据和机器学习方法,通过局部区域的高精度反演逐步实现低空间分辨率遥感影像的大区域植被覆盖度反演,不仅可有效提高沙地植被覆盖度的反演精度（R²=0.78,大于0.63）,也为区域生态环境监测与生态系统健康评价提供支持。