极干旱区稀疏荒漠植被地上生物量遥感估算

以库姆塔格沙漠南部阿尔金山北麓山前戈壁区为研究区,借助无人机影像数据准确提取植被覆盖区;采用高空间分辨率WorldView-3数据的估算结果对中空间分辨率Landsat-OLI数据的估算结果进行修正;选取红光反射率波段(RED)、近红外反射率波段(NIR)、比值植被指数(RVI)、归一化植被指数(NDVI)和修正土壤调...     

Climate variability recorded by n-alkanes of paleolake sediment in Qaidam Basin on the northeast Tibetan Plateau in late MIS3

Here we combine n-alkanes preserved in a shell bar section from Qarhan paleolake, Qaidam Basin with the other sedimentary proxies to elucidate the lake evolution process during the period 39.7 to 17.5 14C ka BP (calibrated age ranges from 43.5 to 22.4 cal. ka BP). In different stages, the n-alkane homologues exhibited different distribution modes indicative of variations in the surrounding vegetation and the hydrologic condition of the lake. The n-alkanes proxies (CPIh, ACLh, Paq) have the same trends as th...     

开采上保护层对巨厚砾岩诱发冲击矿压的减冲机制分析

为研究开采上保护层对巨厚砾岩断裂诱发冲击的防治作用,根据跃进煤矿25采区的地质条件和采掘条件,将25110工作面下巷作为研究对象,从理论上分析了动静载叠加诱发冲击矿压的机制以及开采上保护层后的防冲原理,数值模拟研究了未开采上保护时和开采上保护层后在同等强度的动载扰动应力的影响下巷道底板的位移、速度、应力以及塑性区的变化规律,进行相似模拟试验研究了人工震源的作用下未开采上保护时和开采上保护层后巷道底板的加速度和动应力响应规律。结果表明,上保护层开采后能够有效地释放围岩内部的高应力,且采空区顶板自然垮落,形成的软弱松散岩层结构,能够更好地起到对动载扰动应力波的衰减作用,从而降低了冲击矿压发生的可能,一定程度上能够较好地防治冲击矿压。研究成果对巨厚砾岩下冲击矿压的防治具有一定指导意义。     

大兴安岭中段突泉盆地玛尼吐组火山岩地球化学特征及成因

突泉盆地玛尼吐组安山岩位于内蒙古东部兴安盟突泉县,大地构造位置属华北板块北缘晚古生代陆缘增生带,大兴安岭构造岩浆岩带中段.安山岩样品的SiO₂、Al₂O₃、Na₂O、K₂O含量分别为60.64%~64.36%、15.84%~17.38%、3.76%~5.30%、2.44%~3.81%,为过铝质、高钾钙碱性岩石,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,无Eu异常和Ce异常,富集大离子亲石元素（Rb、K、Ba、LREE）和化学性质活泼的不相容元素（U、Th）,相对亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta、P、Ti）和重稀土元素（如Y、Yb、Lu）.原始岩浆来源于地壳岩石部分熔融源区,是蒙古-鄂霍次克洋闭合后岩石圈伸展环境下的产物.     

水包油钻井液在梨深1井欠平衡段的应用

采用何种流体作为携岩介质,既能保护油气层又能保持井壁的稳定是欠平衡钻井的关键。梨深1井在四开欠平衡井段采用了水包油钻井液体系,这是该区域首次使用此体系。通过配方的优选,科学的维护处理,不但能够发现和保护了油气层,同时对较长泥岩段的井壁稳定起到了良好的防塌效果,为以后该区域的欠平衡钻井施工提供了一个较好的携岩体系。     

郑州市区断裂深循环型地热资源计算与评价

地热资源是一利用前景广阔的新型清洁环保能源。对郑州市区断裂深循环型热储模型进行了分析,采用积存热量法（体积法）对断裂深循环型地热资源进行了计算与评价,最后提出建议：建议河南省加大地热资源勘查投入力度,严格执行有关行业标准,进行系统的地热勘查评价工作。     

机载SAR影像时空模型重构因子及3D特征提取

时空模型有助于人们获取类似于真实世界的时间及空间信息 ,对于城市工程设计、灾害预防决策及军事应用具有重要意义。本文探讨了机载SAR影像重构时空模型的潜力及方法 ,研究了时空模型重构因子、基于机载SAR影像的建筑物、植被的三维提取 ,以及相应的机载SAR影像时空建模一般方法     

福建前兆数据交换与同步问题的探讨

福建前兆台网系统已经运行2年多,期间出现一些数据交换与同步问题,严重影响数据上传的效率。通过简要介绍数据交换与同步的原理,结合同步数据内容所产生的问题进行分析并形成一套解决方法。实践结果表明,维护好QZDATA表空间、应用服务器和管理系统并掌握一定数据库程序设计基础就能够基本满足区域前兆数据库维护工作,保证数据上传的效率。     

Insufficient thermalization effects on determining fission-track ages

Fission-Track Dating (FTD) has been developed as a useful technique for geological studies. Parent elements are measured by counting 235 U tracks induced by thermal neutrons. If insufficient thermalization occurs, fission of 238 U and 232 Th will be induced, and further measurement error will be introduced. Therefore, whether the neutrons are well thermalized or not will affect the FTD results. Due to requirement of safe operation, the 101 reactor was terminated in 2007. By using the 492 reactor as the new thermal neutron reactor, our present paper will attempt to study the feasibility and the potential influence on FTD. By irradiating monitor glass SRM612 and CN5 in pairs, we will study the thermalization situation of the 492 reactor. Irradiated data show that thermal neutrons are not evenly distributed either in horizontal or in vertical dimension. Especially, horizontal heterogeneity is obvious. But we discovered that proper irradiation position in the reactor can meet the requirement of FTD. Under the current irradiation condition, we calculated and assessed the insufficient thermalization effects on determining fission-track ages. We found that the difference between the 232 Th/ 238 U ratios of samples and standards is the main factor to the experiment results. The results will not be affected if the 232 Th/ 238 U value of samples is equal to the standard samples. However, if the 232 Th/ 238 U ratio is larger than that of the standards, the results will be smaller than actual ages. Comparatively, the ages will be more than expected if the 232 Th/ 238 U ratio is less. Therefore, to reduce the irradiation error, we suggest either locating the position of irradiation strictly, or minimizing the influence of lateral heterogeneity by reducing the amount of each sample package. Additionally, accuracy of the experimental results can be improved by increasing standard samples to adjust ζ value and using the monitor of standard glass SRM612 and CN5 together.     

基于SuperMap GIS的三维数字井筒可视化系统研究

以钻井完井为代表的井筒工程技术的操作对象是在地下的,是一项"看不到的"工程。三维数字井筒可视化模拟的目的就是使用三维虚拟化技术,以低成本的三维模拟来保证和提高钻井的成功率。本文将阐述以SuperMap Realspace为软件技术基础的三维数字井筒可视化系统的研究进展,研究主要实现了真空间的井位显示、井筒轨迹及投影显示、井筒设备组装、地下层位显示和多井地下显示等功能,实现了在虚拟地下空间中对井筒的模拟展示。