南海北部陆坡白云深水区深水沉积结构要素

在回顾深水沉积结构要素研究的基础上,结合白云深水区的勘探实践,对白云深水区深水沉积的结构要素进行了研究。将白云深水区深水沉积划分为4种结构要素,分别为水道、天然堤-溢岸沉积、席状砂和块体搬运沉积。水道是白云深水区深水沉积的主要组成部分,也是重要的储层;水道按成因可分为侵蚀型、侵蚀/加积型和加积型;水道充填沉积物的岩性变化较大,有砾岩、砂岩、泥岩以及几种岩性的混合。天然堤-溢岸沉积主要以泥岩、粉砂岩为主,平面上,天然堤-溢岸沉积与水道走向平行,横向上远离水道扩散,侧向连续性好但垂向连续性差。席状砂位于水道末端,具有朵叶状外形,分为层状和合并状2种类型：层状席状砂具有相对低的砂岩体积分数,泥岩和砂岩互层;而合并状席状砂岩体积分数高,砂层和砂层接触,夹有少量的泥。块体搬运沉积包括滑塌、滑块、块体流、碎屑流、坡身失稳复合体、块体搬运复合体等;块体搬运沉积常直接位于层序界面上,对下伏地层侵蚀明显,分布广泛,可作为良好的油气封盖层。     

内蒙古早白垩世五间房含煤盆地煤层煤相分析

内蒙古是我国非常重要的后备煤炭资源基地,煤层大多聚集在白垩纪断陷盆地中,其中,五间房含煤盆地煤炭资源丰富。通过对该盆地东南部3个钻孔57件煤样的煤岩学和煤化学分析,探讨了煤层的煤质特征、煤相类型及其演化规律。研究结果表明:本区煤层以低—中高灰、高挥发分产率和低—特低硫为特征;具有较高的镜/惰比和结构保存指数;煤相类型主要为潮湿森林沼泽相,自下而上,成煤泥炭沼泽覆水程度总体有所加深,上部泥炭沼泽具有水体逐渐加深的水进型特征,下部泥炭沼泽具有水体逐渐变浅的水退型特征。      

黏性土中钻孔灌注桩自平衡转换系数取值研究

自平衡检测法在桩基检测中有效解决了传统静载法面临的许多问题,已得到广泛地推广和运用,其中自平衡法承载力计算中转换系数γ的取值是关键性问题之一。针对我国桥梁工程地基土质普遍存在黏性土的情况,依托台州湾项目工程,对黏性土中自平衡承载力测试法中的转换系数的取值进行了原位试验研究。选取3根钻孔灌注桩,桩径为1.5 m、桩长83.5 m,在原桩上先后进行自平衡法和堆载法试验,在桩身土层交界处布设钢筋计得到相应的桩侧摩阻力,将每根桩的上段桩在同一土层处自平衡法测的极限侧摩阻力值与堆载法测的极限侧摩阻力值进行对比,得到了各层土自平衡转换系数值,在该基础上收集了相似工程2根桩检测数据进行分析,结果表明在黏性土中钻孔灌注桩自平衡法与堆载法测得的上段桩极限摩阻力之比为0.7～0.8。     

基坑开挖对近邻运营地铁隧道影响规律研究

对某邻近基坑开挖的地铁隧道的水平位移和沉降的时空分布做了深入分析。由于软土的蠕变效应,应考虑基坑分块开挖的先后顺序造成的时空效应的影响,以及基坑围护体系的水平支撑结构对土体位移的限制作用。基坑开挖对邻近地铁隧道的影响范围为2.5倍开挖深度,而对于远基坑的右线,影响范围更低,甚至低至1.5倍开挖深度。将基坑和隧道的监测数据联系分析,得到比值与水平距离的关系曲线,将基坑监测数据代入拟合公式,对地铁水平和垂直位移进行估算。隧道水平位移与邻近的同深度土体水平位移的比值（?）,其最大累计位移点的? 较多地处在0.60～0.65范围,在底板浇筑都已完成后,稳定在0.60。隧道沉降与邻近地表沉降的比值（?）,其最大累计沉降点的?,较多地处在0.50～0.60间,底板浇筑完成后,稳定在0.52±0.05水平。     

基于极限超载的无衬砌浅埋土质隧道稳定性研究

为了从理论上判别和度量无衬砌浅埋土质隧道的稳定性,考虑拱形隧道洞身范围斜向滑裂面作用,采用极限平衡法导出隧道发生整体失稳时的极限超载与稳定安全系数理论解,并通过既有典型加载试验进行验证。浅埋隧道极限超载理论解与典型加载试验结果较接近,在此基础上,将抗滑力与滑动力之比定义为整体稳定安全系数,并分析其影响因素。研究表明,稳定安全系数随黏聚力、内摩擦角的增大而增大,黏聚力对其影响显著,而内摩擦角对其影响不显著;稳定安全系数随隧道跨度、覆跨比、超载的增大而减小,但超载越大对稳定安全系数影响越小;随着高跨比的增大,若黏聚力较低则安全系数减小,若黏聚力较高则安全系数先增大后减小。通过典型的加载试验对整体稳定安全系数进行了校验,表明稳定安全系数计算值基本满足工程允许误差要求。     

砂性土中自平衡试验转换系数取值研究

自平衡法测试基桩抗压承载力时转换系数取值的合理性直接影响到检测结论的准确性。为确定砂性土中转换系数?的准确性,选取3个工程,主要土层均为砂性土,同一场地均进行了自平衡法和传统静载试验。每个工程中选取自平衡检测的基桩与传统静载的基桩为对比组,其地质条件、施工工艺、桩的几何尺寸、桩顶和桩底高相近或一致,以传统静载法测得结果为基准,采用Matlab编程对自平衡法测得等效荷载-位移曲线进行拟合,得出与传统静载法结果拟合度最佳的? 取值。将? 的拟合值和? = 0.6、0.7和? 原工程取值分别得到的等效位移荷载曲线与传统静载试验结果进行对比。结果表明,（1）3个工程中所得转换系数γ拟合值取值范围在0.42～0.71之间,与原工程中采用的γ值相比均偏小;（2）? 取值对等效受压桩上段桩总摩阻力和弹性压缩量的影响很大;（3）采用转换系数γ拟合值计算的等效转换曲线与原工程中采用的? 值相比更接近传统静载法所得结果,表明3个工程中? 的取值均过大,导致所测极限承载力过于保守;（4）砂性土中自平衡转换系数建议取值为0.6～0.7左右。     

黑龙江三道湾子金矿含金石英脉与围岩地球化学及地质意义

三道湾子金矿位于大兴安岭燕山期成矿带东南部,为典型的石英脉型岩金矿床.通过对含矿石英脉、石英脉围岩及同期火山岩地球化学特征的研究,探讨了石英脉围岩及同期火山岩的成矿地质构造背景.证据表明三道湾子岩金矿成矿母岩的地球化学成分类似埃达克岩,或有学者所称的“C型埃达克岩”.成矿流体同成矿母岩可能同时形成于来自上地幔的的玄武岩,为上地幔玄武岩底劈上侵到加厚的地壳（>50 km）底部导致下地壳基性岩部分融熔形成的,其成因并非可以用浅成低温热液作单一解释.     

Characteristics, causes and mitigation of catastrophic debris flow hazard on 21 July 2011 at the Longda Watershed of Songpan County, China

Debris flow is a common natural hazard in the mountain areas of Western China due to favorable natural conditions,and also exacerbated by mountainous exploitation activities.This paper concentrated on the characteristics,causes and mitigation of a catastrophic mine debris flow hazard at Longda Watershed in Songpan County,Sichuan Province,on 21 July 2011.This debris flow deposited in the front of the No.1 dam,silted the drainage channel for flood and then rushed into tailing sediment reservoir in the main channel and made the No.2 dam breached.The outburst debris flow blocked Fu River,formed dammed lake and generated outburst flood,which delivered heavy metals into the lower reaches of Fu River,polluted the drink water source of the population of over 1 million.The debris flow was characterized with a density of 1.87~2.15 t/m 3 and a clay content of less than 1.63%.The peak velocity and flux at Longda Gully was over 10.0~10.9 m/s and 429.0~446.0 m 3 /s,respectively,and the flux was about 700 m 3 /s in main channel,equaling to the flux of the probability of 1%.About 330,000m 3 solid materials was transported by debris flow and deposited in the drainage tunnel(120,000~130,000 m 3),the front of No.1 dam(100,000 m 3) and the mouth of the watershed(100,000~110,000 m 3),respectively.When the peak flux and magnitude of debris flow was more than 462 m 3 /s and 7,423 m 3,respectively,it would block Fu River and produce a hazard chain which was composed of debris flow,dammed lake and outburst flood.Furthermore,the 21 July large-scale debris flow was triggered by rainstorm with an intensity of 21.2 mm/0.5 h and the solid materials of debris flow were provided by landslides,slope deposits,mining wastes and tailing sediments.The property losses were mainly originated from the silting of the drainage tunnel for flash flood but not for debris flow and the irrational location of tailing sediment reservoir.Therefore,the mitigation measures for mine debris flows were presented:(1) The disastrous debris flow watershed should be identified in planning period and prohibited from being taken as the site of mining factories;(2) The mining facilities are constructed at the safe areas or watersheds;(3) Scoria plots,concentrator factory and tailing sediment reservoir are constructed in safe areas where the protection measures be easily made against debris flows;(4) The appropriate system and plan of debris flow mitigation including monitoring,remote monitoring and early-warning and emergency plan is established;(5) The stability of waste dump and tailing sediment reservoir are monitored continuously to prevent mining debris flows.     

Topographic characteristics for the geomorphologic zones in the northwestern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Based on geomorphologic and digital elevation model （DEM） data, the topographic characteristics of the northwestern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are analyzed. Five representative peaks are first determined according to the topographic profile maps for the ridge and piedmont lines, and then the topographic gradient characteristics are analyzed according to the representative topographic profile acquisition method. Based on the geomorphologic database data, the regions between the ridge and the piedmont lines are divided into four geomorphologic zones; and the topographic characteristics are finally analyzed for the different geomorphologic zones regions using the DEM data. The research results show that from the piedmont to the ridge, there exist four geomorphologic zones： arid, fluvial, periglacial and glacial. The arid has the lowest elevation, topographic gradient, relief and slope characteristics. The fluvial has lower elevation and the highest topographic gradient, but with lower relief and slope characteristics. With higher elevation, the periglcial has lower topographic gradient, but the highest relief and slope characteristics. The glacial has the highest elevation with higher topographic gradient, relief and slope characteristics.     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长8段孔隙度演化定量模拟

在对鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长8段砂岩储层特征、主控因素及地层埋藏史和成岩史研究的基础上,结合石油地质理论,应用数理统计方法,以现今孔隙度为约束条件,将孔隙度演化分为孔隙度减小和孔隙度增大2个过程,分别建立研究区长8段砂岩储层从埋藏初始至现今的孔隙度随埋藏深度和地史时间变化的演化模型。结果表明:孔隙度定量演化模型为一个四段式分段函数。机械压实阶段为孔隙度减小模型,是以埋深为自变量的连续函数;压实和胶结作用阶段为孔隙度减小模型,是对埋深和埋藏时间的连续函数;次生增孔是由于地层酸性流体的溶蚀作用而产生的,主要发生在70℃～110℃的温度窗口内,因此溶蚀阶段为孔隙度增大模型,是对埋深和埋藏时间的复合函数;溶蚀阶段结束后,地层孔隙度处于压实和保持阶段,该阶段为孔隙度减小模型,是对埋深、埋藏时间及增孔量的叠加复合函数。最后进行实例验证,发现在研究区建立的砂岩孔隙度定量演化模型符合地质实际,可以推广应用到研究区任一地层孔隙度计算,为孔隙度预测提供定量计算方法。