山东沿岸六线鱼早期发育的研究

六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakil J &. S)属袖形目、六线鱼亚目、六线鱼科,为冷温性近海底层鱼类,分布于黄、渤海、日本、朝鲜及俄罗斯远东诸海[1].六线鱼为沿岸浅海定居性鱼类,食物链较短、耐低温、适应能力较强、肉质细嫩,颇受我国北方地区养殖业者和消费者欢迎.     

成都府河水体细菌动态变化及耐药性

将府河从都江堰宝瓶口段至望江公园段分设9个监测点,在秋冬、春夏两季分别取水,首次建立由细菌总数、总大肠菌群数及粪大肠菌群数三个微生物学指标组成的体系,对府河两季水质进行对比监测分析,以综合评价水质、分析季节影响因素并反映出污染物来源.以都江堰宝瓶口大肠杆菌耐药率作为背景值,对整个河段的9个采样点分离纯化鉴定得到102株大肠杆菌,用K-B法进行对比药敏试验.结果表明,府河从都江堰段起,穿过成都市区后,至望江公园段细菌总数、大肠菌群数及粪大肠菌群数虽有波动,但细菌总数总体呈增加趋势,春夏季府河营养富集,水质有所降低.府河中大肠杆菌耐药性较小,β-内酰胺类耐药率在0.96％～33.33％之间,氨基糖苷类1.39％～7.84％,氟喹诺酮类11.43％～11.76％,磺胺类复方新诺明为52.78％,其中β-内酰胺类耐药性、氟喹诺酮类耐药性与源头水质有关,其余与医疗机构排放的废水及生活污水有关,此研究为控制成都府河水体中的污染防控提供了理论依据.     

海洋生态文明协同发展水平研究——以胶东为例

海洋生态文明是生态文明思想在海洋领域的集中体现,是我国海洋治理过程中的创新和发展。自生态文明纳入“五位一体”的中国特色社会主义事业总体布局以来,生态文明建设被提到了前所未有的高度,海洋是国家生态文明建设全局的重要领域,海洋生态文明核心是以人民为中心,实现陆海统筹、人海和谐,推动海洋强国建设。鉴于此,文章提出海洋生态文明协同发展观点,并以胶东为例,分析胶东5市开展海洋生态文明协同发展的基础条件,同时构建海洋生态文明协同发展指标体系,对区域海洋生态文明协同发展水平进行全面评价,旨在拓展海洋生态文明建设成果,为我国区域协同发展提供新视角和新途径。     

大柴旦断裂中段晚第四纪活动特征

通过航卫片遥感数据解译、野外地质地貌调查,并结合差分GPS等测量手段,获取大柴旦断裂晚第四纪以来的地质地貌特征。结果显示：大柴旦断裂总长约135 km,整体上显示为一反“S”形,根据断裂走向的变化、地貌特征、活动强弱等,大致以温泉沟、塔塔棱河为分界点,可将大柴旦断裂分为三段。晚第四纪以来,该断裂北段和南段逆冲性质较为明显。本次工作集中在断裂中段,该段以右旋逆冲活动为主,逆冲量和右旋量在不同地貌面上是不同的,显示出明显的多期次活动特征。野外天然古地震剖面揭示出1次古地震事件,发生在(2 402.5±57.5) a.B.P之后,表明该断裂在全新世活动强烈,与该区域近年来频繁的强震活动相吻合。     

渤海表层悬沙分布季节变化特征与控制因子的数值研究

针对整个渤海海域悬浮泥沙季节变化及其影响机制的数值研究相对缺乏且机制尚不清晰,基于ROMS三维海洋模型对渤海海域水动力环境与悬沙分布开展数值模拟。模拟结果显示,渤海海峡环流终年“北进南出”,夏季环流明显强于冬季,并呈现外围逆时针环、内部顺时针环的“双环”结构。渤海中部海域在夏季存在明显的温跃层现象,其强度分布与等深线较为一致,温跃层在4月开始形成,7月最强。渤海表层悬沙分布具有显著的季节变化,冬季悬沙浓度最大,秋季次之,春季再次之,夏季最小。控制悬沙浓度的波流底切应力在秋冬季节较大,春夏相对较小,且流致切应力始终在波流切应力中占主导地位。秦皇岛海域悬沙浓度常年偏低的主要原因是位于M2无潮点附近,属于弱潮流区,底层流速相对较小,底部沉积物发生再悬浮概率较小。夏季温跃层的存在在一定程度上减小了底边界层流速,增大了流速的垂向梯度,对底部悬浮泥沙的向上扩散有明显的抑制作用。因此,温跃层的存在是造成夏季表层悬沙浓度最低的重要原因。     

几种沉水植物营养繁殖体萌发的光需求研究

对4种沉水植物营养繁殖体萌发的光需求进行了初步的实验研究。结果证明,强光照射可以打破菹草繁殖芽的休眠,促使其在夏初萌发,推论菹草繁殖芽的夏季休眠可能与其所处的水底光照不足有关。苦草、黑藻及金鱼藻营养繁殖体的萌发无需光刺激,但当水底相对光照强度小于5％时形成白化苗,不能进行正常的光合作用。沉水植物营养繁殖体萌发期的水底光照条件是决定沉水植物能否再生的关键因素。     

Petrogenesis and shock metamorphism of the enriched lherzolitic shergottite Northwest Africa 7755

Northwest Africa (NWA) 7755 is a newly found enriched lherzolitic shergottite. Here, we report its detailed petrography and mineralogy. NWA 7755 contains both poikilitic and non‐poikilitic lithologies. Olivine has different compositional ranges in the poikilitic and non‐poikilitic lithologies, Fa_30–39 and Fa_37–40, respectively. Pyroxene in the non‐poikilitic lithology is systematically Fe‐richer than that in the poikilitic lithology. The chromite grains in non‐poikilitic lithology are highly Ti‐richer than those in the poikilitic lithology. The chemical variations of olivine, pyroxene, and chromite between the poikilitic and non‐poikilitic lithologies support a two‐stage formation model of lherzolitic shergottites. Besides planar fractures and strong mosaicism in olivine and pyroxene, shock‐induced melt veins and pockets are observed in NWA 7755. Olivine grains within and adjacent to melt veins and/or pockets have either transformed to ringwoodite, amorphous phase, or dissociated to bridgmanite plus magnesiowüstite. Merrillite in melt veins has completely transformed to tuite; however, apatite only has partially transformed to tuite, indicating a relatively sluggish transformation rate. The partial transformation from apatite to tuite resulted in fractional devolatilization of Cl and F in apatite. The fine‐grained mineral assemblage in melt veins consists mainly of bridgmanite, minor magnesiowüstite, Fe‐sulfide, Fe‐phosphide, and Ca‐phosphate minerals. The coexistence of bridgmanite and magnesiowüstite in these veins indicates a shock pressure of >~24 GPa and a temperature of 1800–2000 °C. Coesite and seifertite are probably present in NWA 7755. The presence of these high‐pressure minerals indicates that NWA 7755 has experienced a more intense shock metamorphism than other enriched lherzolitic shergottites.     

Temperature and light tolerance of representative brown, green and red algae in tumble culture revealed by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements

Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Ulva lactuca, Grateloupia turuturu and Palmaria palmata are suitable species that fit the requirements of a seaweed-animal integrated aquaculture system in terms of their viable biomass, rapid growth and promising nutrient uptake rates. In this investigation, the responses of the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield of the five algal species in tumble culture were assessed at a temperature range of 10 - 30℃. The results revealed that Ulva lactuca was the most resistant species to high temperature, withstanding 30℃ for 4 h without apparent decline in the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield . While the arctic alga Palmaria palmata was the most vulnerable one, showing significant decline in the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield at 25℃ for 2 h. The cold-water species Laminaria japonica, however, demonstrated strong ability to cope with higher temperature （24 -26℃ ） for shorter time （within 24 h） without significant decline in the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield . Grateloupia turuturu showed a general decrease in the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield with the rising temperature from 23 to 30℃ , similar to the temperate kelp Undaria pinnatifida. Changes of chlorophyll fluorescence yields of these algae were characterized differently indicating the existence of species-unique strategy to cope with high light. Measurements of the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield after short exposure to direct solar irradiance revealed how long these exposures could be without significant photoinhibition or with promising recovery in photosynthetic activities. Seasonal pattern of alternation of algal species in tank culture in the Northern Hemisphere at the latitude of 36°N was proposed according to these basic measurements.     

A Lagrangian mean theory on coastal sea circulation with inter-tidal transports I. Fundamentals

A brief review is made on the theory of the Lagrangian residual circulation and inter-tidal transports in a convectively weakly nonlinear system. In the review the emphasis is put on the systematical development of the theory and its weakness of convectively weakly nonlinear approximation. The fundamentals of a Lagrangian tidally-averaged theory on circulation with inter-tidal transport processes have been proposed for a general nonlinear coastal/estuarine system. The Lagrangian residual velocity is strictly de- fined, and it has been verified to be able to embody the velocity field of circulation. A new concept of the concentration for inter- tidal transport processes is presented. The concentration describing the inter-tidal transport processes should be a ＂Lagrangian inter-tidal concentration＂ defined and named, but not the Eulcrian tidally-averaged concentration used traditionally. The circulation described here contains a set of infinite temporal-spatial fields of velocity/concentration, each of which corresponds to a specific value of tidal phases varying continuously over one tidal cycle. When the convectively weakly nonlinear condition（ with a smaller order of eddy diffusion and sources） is approximately satisfied, a set of infinite temporal-spatial fields of velocity/concentration can be reduced to a single one.. the mass transport velocity/the Eulerian tidally averaged concentration as exhibited traditionally.