利用井下数字地震记录反演非弹性衰减系数震源参数和场地响应

利用天津地区近场井下数字地震波形记录,基于遗传算法,采用Atkinson方法得到了天津地区的品质因子Q值与频率的关系为Q(f)=97.0f0.98.采用Moya方法反演了地震的震源参数和台站的场地响应.     

马边地磁异常与地震相关性统计分析

地磁异常与地震相关性研究是一个较为活跃的领域.马边台地磁Z分量表现出较明显的映震现象.其表现为：（1）“低点位移”在时间领域分布异常;（2）瞬时差幅度异常;（3）日变形态畸变.本文以马边台23年的地磁资料，以成都地磁台为参照，从以上三方面进行了分析和总结，得到单台地磁预测地震的一些有益的启示。     

Paleostress fields from calcite twins in the Pyeongan Supergroup, South Korea

Abstract   Paleostress fields of the Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic Pyeongan Supergroup that is distributed along the northeastern part of the Ogcheon Belt in South Korea were investigated using the calcite strain gauge (CSG) technique. Combining the results of this study with those of other studies investigating the relationship between twin strain, twin density and width, which are used as indicators of deformation conditions in the natural low-temperature deformation of limestone, it was estimated that calcite twins in the study area were probably formed at temperatures lower than 170°C. From two samples, two different principal paleostress directions were inferred from calcite twins, while only one direction was inferred from two other samples. This result suggests that deformation occurred during two or more different tectonic events in the Pyeongan Supergroup during the Mesozoic era. The maximum shortening axis was oriented in two directions, northeast–southwest and northwest–southeast, respectively, which coincide well with the paleostress directions inferred from the stress inversion for many fault sets. Combining the results of the paleostress analysis from this and other studies, we hypothesize that the directions of the maximum shortening axis in the Pyeongan Supergroup changed from northeast–southwest during the pre-Daebo orogeny period (Late Triassic period) to northwest–southeast during the syn-Daebo orogeny period (Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous period) in the Mesozoic era.     

曲靖盆地地下水固有脆弱性评价

根据地下水在不同岩类中贮存形式、运移条件的不同及水动力特征的差异，曲靖盆地地下水分为孔隙水、裂隙水及岩溶水三大类型，盆地及其周缘有6个主要水文地质单元。采用美国EPA地下水脆弱性评价方法DRASTIC，根据水文地质实际调查及已有的曲靖盆地水文、地质等资料对该盆地地下水进行固有脆弱性评价。得出曲靖盆地地下水脆弱性主要为中等、较高；并圈出了地下水易于污染的高风险区。该结果对曲靖市的土地开发利用和城市规划有借鉴意义。     

Analyzing Spatial and Temporal Changes of Aquaculture in Yunlin County,Taiwan*

This article analyzes spatial and temporal changes of aquaculture land use in Yunlin County, Taiwan, and discusses the driving forces for these changes. Digital land‐use maps and satellite imagery for 1982, 1988, 1994, and 2002 were used to extract aquaculture areas. A geographic information system was used to derive changes in aquaculture areas and to compute the spatial clustering statistics over time. A survey of eighty‐seven farmers was conducted to obtain their views and concerns about aquaculture. The results show a rapid expansion in aquaculture during the 1980s, driven mainly by exports to Japan, and a continuous decline since the mid‐1990s because of economic, environmental, and demographic factors.     

应用数字近景摄影测量提取岩体裂隙迹长信息方法研究

针对传统以皮尺为主要工具的岩体裂隙迹长测量方法精度及效率较低、尤其是遇有危险场地不能遥测等缺点,研究应用数字近景摄影测量的方法获取岩体裂隙迹长信息,以普通非量测数码相机为主要工具,以JX-4A数字摄影测量工作站为依托进行信息处理,可以快速获取隧道施工掌子面裂隙迹线图。经实验比较分析,数字近景摄影测量方法获取岩体裂隙信息在精度和效率方面都优于传统方法。     

长江中下游1998年夏季梅雨期降水再循环研究

改进了Eltahir的降水再循环率计算模式,引入水汽变化量,使其可用于小于月际时间尺度的降水再循环评估。并利用1998年6~8月间长江中下游162个测站的旬蒸发和降水资料,结合NCEP/NCAR的高空逐日再分析资料,对长江中下游1998年梅雨期的降水再循环率做了计算。分析发现:1998年夏季暴雨时期长江中下游的降水平均约有三成来自当地的蒸发。区域蒸发的水汽在安徽南部和湖北东部对降水的贡献最大。区域平均再循环率的旬变化强烈,最高可达67.8%,最小只有0.8%。表明地表水文敏感,地-气相互作用不稳定。     

基于GIS降水空间分析的逐步插值方法

根据长江中上游697个气象观测站1971—2000年30年降水资料,利用逐步回归方法和地理信息技术(GIS),建立了平均季降水和年降水与4km分辨率的DEM、坡向、坡度等地形数据的回归方程,并通过了信度为0.05的F检验,将降水量中地形影响部分分离出来。在此基础上,发展了逐步插值方法(SIA),并与GIS技术和多元逐步回归方法结合,显著提高了年、季降水空间分布的计算精度。结果表明:SIA季节降水空间分布的相对误差为6.86%,绝对误差为13.07mm,平均变差系数为0.070,平均相关系数为0.9675;年降水量的绝对误差为72.1mm,相对误差为7.34%,平均变差系数为0.092,相关系数达到了0.9605。对SIA年平均降水量的分析表明,采用3—5步的SIA计算,就可以显著提高计算精度,绝对误差由211.0mm下降到62.4mm,相对误差由20.74%下降到5.97%,变差系数从0.2312下降到0.0761,相关系数由0.5467提高到0.9619,SIA方法50步的计算表明,SIA计算的结果一致收敛于观测值。     

Turbulence modeling of compound open-channel flows with and without vegetation on the floodplain using the Reynolds stress model

A Reynolds stress model for the numerical simulation of compound open-channel flows with vegetation on the floodplain is described. The Reynolds stress model consists of various sub-models such as Speziale et al.’s model, Mellor and Herring’s model, and Rotta’s model for the pressure–strain correlation term, the turbulent diffusion term, and the dissipation term, respectively. For validation of the model, plain compound open-channel flows are simulated. The computed results were compared with measured data by [Tominaga A, Nezu I. Turbulent structure in compound open-channel flows. J Hydraul Eng, ASCE 1991;117(1):21–41] and the results show that the Reynolds stress model successfully simulates the mean flow and turbulence structure of plain compound channel flows. The model was then applied to compound open-channel flows with vegetated floodplains. Good agreement between the simulated results and data from an algebraic stress model by [Naot D, Nezu I, Nakagawa H. Hydrodynamic behavior of partly vegetated open channels. J Hydraul Eng, ASCE 1996;122(11):625–33] was found. However, it was shown that the RSM is capable of predicting the velocity dip and lateral shift in the maximum streamwise velocity, which were not observed in the data from algebraic stress modeling. Finally, a depth-averaged analysis of the streamwise momentum equation was performed to investigate the lateral momentum transfer in compound channel flows with vegetated floodplains. Compared with components by the secondary currents and Reynolds stress, the drag force due to the presence of vegetation appears to be a factor in reducing the bottom shear stress in both main channel and floodplain.     

Seasonal trend of particulate PAHs at Gosan, a background site in Korea between 2001 and 2002 and major factors affecting their levels

The concentrations of particulate Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured at Gosan, a background site in Korea for 1 year between November 2001 and November 2002. The total concentrations of 14 PAH compounds at Gosan were between 0.52 and 14.76 ng m^− 3 and about 3–15 times higher than those at other rural or remote sites in the world. Seasonal trend was observed for particulate PAHs concentrations at Gosan with higher levels during heating season due to increased fossil fuel usage and the movement of air parcels from Asian continent. Principal component factor analysis (PCF) for PAHs showed three factors; combination of coal combustion and vehicular emission, natural gas combustion, and unidentified one. However, PCF for the combined data of PAHs, inorganic ions, and elements revealed that the unidentified factor consists of crustal species, sea salts, and four PAH compounds. Thus, this factor is thought to be transport of crustal species with organics from combustion sources. The major variables which determine the sources of PAHs are the heating season and the movement of air parcels from Asian continent.