昆仑山口西8.1级地震灾害损失调查与评估

根据2001年11月14日青海省昆仑山口西8．1级地震强烈地震的现场调查资料，确定了沿青藏公路一线的地震烈度分布，对此地震造成的灾害损失进行了分析、描述。     

Formation mechanism and model for sand lens reservoirs in the Jiyang Sub-basin, East China

The Bohai Bay basin comprises some very important and well documented subtle traps known in China, which have been the major exploration focus and have become a major petroleum play since the 1990s. However, recent exploration showed that the oil-bearing properties of some sand lens reservoirs may vary significantly and the accumulation mechanisms for these lithological subtle traps are not well understood. Based on statistical analysis of oil-bearing properties for 123 sand lens reservoirs in the Jiyang Sub-basin and combined with detailed anatomy of typical sand lens reservoirs and NMR experiments, it has been shown that the structural and sedimentary factors, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion conditions of the surrounding source rocks, as well as the petrophysical properties of sand lens reservoirs are the main controlling factors for the formation of sand lens reservoirs. The formation of a sand lens reservoir depends on the interaction between the hydrocarbon accumulation driving force and the resistance force. The driving force is made up of the differential capillary pressure between sandstones and sources rocks and the hydrocarbon diffusion force, and as well as the hydrocarbon expansion force. The resistance force is the friction resistance force for hydrocarbons and water to move through the pore throats of the sand lens. The sedimentary environment, source rock condition and sand reservoir properties can change from unfavorable to favorable depending on the combination of these factors. When these three factors all reach certain thresholds, the sand lens reservoirs may begin to be filled by hydrocarbons. When all of these conditions become favorable for the formation of sand lens reservoirs, the reservoir would have high oil saturation. This approach has been applied to evaluating the potential of petroleum accumulation in the sand lens reservoirs in the third member of the Neogene Shahejie Formation in the Jiyang Sub-basin.     

Crustal heterogeneity and seismotectonics of the region around Beijing, China

A detailed three-dimensional (3-D) P-wave velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle under the Chinese capital (Beijing) region is determined with a spatial resolution of 25 km in the horizontal direction and 4–17 km in depth. We used 48,750 precise P-wave arrival times from 2973 events of local crustal earthquakes, controlled seismic explosions and quarry blasts. These events were recorded by a new digital seismic network consisting of 101 seismic stations equipped with high-sensitivity seismometers. The data are analyzed by using a 3-D seismic tomography method. Our tomographic model provides new insights into the geological structure and tectonics of the region, such as the lithological variations and large fault zones across the major geological terranes like the North China Basin, the Taihangshan and the Yanshan mountainous areas. The velocity images of the upper crust reflect well the surface geological and topographic features. In the North China Basin, the depression and uplift areas are imaged as slow and fast velocities, respectively. The Taihangshan and Yanshan mountainous regions are generally imaged as broad high-velocity zones, while the Quaternary intermountain basins show up as small low-velocity anomalies. Velocity changes are visible across some of the large fault zones. Large crustal earthquakes, such as the 1976 Tangshan earthquake (M=7.8) and the 1679 Sanhe earthquake (M=8.0), generally occurred in high-velocity areas in the upper to middle crust. In the lower crust to the uppermost mantle under the source zones of the large earthquakes, however, low-velocity and high-conductivity anomalies exist, which are considered to be associated with fluids. The fluids in the lower crust may cause the weakening of the seismogenic layer in the upper and middle crust and thus contribute to the initiation of the large crustal earthquakes.     

微地震的线性方程定位求解及其病态处理

岩体破裂时会产生微地震现象,微地震的发生与岩体内部的能量释放以及进一步的裂纹演化、破裂有着密切的关系。所以,可以用微地震的时空分布来预测岩体的破裂。微地震定位是预测岩体破裂的基础。研究了微地震定位方程求解过程中不同情况下解的几种情况无穷解、唯一解和最小二乘解。由于定位问题属于反问题,因此,定位方程往往呈现病态,为此,进一步分析了病态方程的正则化处理方法。实际算例证明,用正则化方法求解定位方程具有计算简单、收敛速度快的优点,非常适合求解此类问题。     

隧道掘进爆破地震峰值神经网络预报研究

结合某抽水蓄能电站尾水隧道掘进爆破地面振动监测结果,建立了基于BP神经网络隧道掘进爆破振动速度峰值的预报模型。并对铁路运输安全进行预报,与现场实际较好地吻合。将神经网络模型预报的结果与传统方法(经验公式法)预报的结果相比,前者的预报结果有明显的改善。对于指导隧道掘进爆破设计,优化爆破参数,确保安全具有重要的意义。     

螺旋板载荷试验资料整理若干问题探讨

螺旋板载荷试验对获取地下水位以下土层的工程参数具有无可比拟的优势 ,但在试验资料的整理分析方面 ,尚有若干问题需要解决。在大量试验的基础上 ,对这些问题进行了有益的探讨。     

陕北黄土高原气候干旱特性的混沌研究

在阐述了混沌系统的复杂特性以及关联维数的计算原理基础上，以陕北黄土高原地区气候干旱日持续时段分布为例，具体介绍了如何利用关联维数来判别其混沌性以及如何从单变量时间序列中提取其关联维数，提出了判断陕北黄土高原地区气候干旱混沌特性及其控制简单易行的方法。     

鄂尔多斯盆地大专气隆重雨氢氧同位素的组成与季节效应

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地雨水同位素的分析，建立了盆地雨水线方程，计算出雨水氢氧同位素的加权平均值，为开展鄂尔多斯盆地地下水氢氧同位素的研究提供了依据；分析了雨水δ18O与气温、降雨量和季节的变化关系，总结出鄂尔多斯盆地冬季雨水δ18O较低，春季雨水δ18O较高，夏季雨水δ18O亏损的特点，得出雨水来源和形成温度是鄂尔多斯盆地雨水同位素组成随季节变化根本原因的结论。     

超高层建筑采用复合地基和浅基础的设计与施工

广州市淘金家园二期B5-4~7栋超高层建筑工程地下室底部置于全风化与强风化的泥质粉砂岩上，按地基土压板试验情况，设计采用天然地基与复合地基上的浅基础。由于该工程的试验、设计与施工紧密配合，施工措施可靠，成为广州市超高层建筑采用复合地基和浅基础的成功实例。介绍其试验情况、设计思路、施工要点和实施效果。     

淮河上游全新世风成黄土-土壤物质来源研究

通过对淮河上游地区河南新郑全新世黄土—古土壤剖面磁化率和粒度的测量分析，揭示了淮河上游地区沙质黄土和古土壤的物质来源。该区黄土—古土壤磁化率明显低于黄土高原区，而粒度明显比黄土高原区粗，属于沙质黄土。通过两地区粒度分布的对比，揭示了它们有不同的粉尘源区，分属于不同的风成系统。淮河上游地区黄土是近源风尘沉积物，粉尘主要来源于孟津以东黄河冲积、洪积扇的松散河流沉积粉沙，实质是黄土高原水土流失的产物。黄河的频繁决口、改道、泛滥沉积为其提供了丰富的物源，其粗颗粒粉尘产生和搬运堆积的动力是东北风。淮河上游地区全新世早期粉尘是近源粗颗粒堆积，堆积速率可达18．6cm／ka，是黄土高原南部地区的2．3倍。