汉江上游谷地与渭河谷地黄土化学风化程度比较

比较汉江上游谷地及渭河谷地典型黄土剖面的元素组成、化学风化强度及常量元素迁移特征,揭示秦岭南北两侧黄土-古土壤剖面的成壤强度及其所指示的环境演变特征,两者差异及共性如下：① 两剖面化学组成均以SiO₂、Al₂O₃和Fe₂O₃为主,元素组成均一且高度混合,与上部陆地壳（UCC） 的化学成分十分接近,该些证据均指示两区域黄土是来源广泛并经过充分混合的风尘堆积产物。② 据CIA 值可判定MTS 及YHC 剖面均经历了中等风化作用,比较两剖面CIW值、A-CN-K三角图投点特征及元素迁移率知,汉江上游谷地的黄土-古土壤序列经历的化学风化作用更强,Ca 及Na 元素的丢失率更高,Al、Na、Mg、Si 等常量元素的迁出率更大。③ 依据Fe、Na迁移率的全剖面变化曲线知,汉江上游谷地与渭河谷地自全新世以来经历了相同的气候演变阶段,均记录了6000-5000a BP的干冷气候事件。     

孔隙衬里绿泥石的成因及对储层性能的影响

孔隙衬里绿泥石发育的砂岩大多属于优质储层,前人将其归功于绿泥石对孔隙的保护作用。按照孔隙衬里绿泥石形成的铁质来源,可划分为同沉积黏土膜转化型、富铁镁物质溶蚀再结晶型和转化与直接结晶混合型3种类型。通过国内外富孔隙衬里绿泥石砂岩实例的对比研究表明,孔隙衬里绿泥石可以通过抑制自生石英生长、提高抗压实能力、指示早期碱性溶蚀发育程度和堵塞孔喉等4种方式影响储层性能,且不同成因的孔隙衬里绿泥石对储层性能影响方式不同,同一成因绿泥石在不同成岩阶段的影响方式也不同。中成岩A期以前,转化型孔隙衬里绿泥石通过占据孔喉和提高抗压能力影响储层,而溶蚀结晶型孔隙衬里绿泥石主要指示火山物质发生碱性溶蚀的程度;只有砂岩成岩阶段达到中成岩B期以后,孔隙衬里绿泥石对石英生长的抑制作用才得到充分体现。     

古热液生物群的研究进展及意义

随着现代海底热液生物群研究工作的深入,开展地质历史时期的古热液生物群研究的必要性也日益凸现。近年来古热液生物群研究已取得一定的进展,结合前人的工作,总结了所发现的古热液生物群的时空分布、产出地质背景、化石壳体保存特征、化石组合特征等内容。简述了开展古热液生物群研究工作的一般方法有:描述法、比较法与地球化学方法。最后,从现代热液生物群研究意义的角度出发,讨论了古热液生物群研究在生物起源、热液活动和板块构造、环境治理以及生物成矿等方面的重要意义,并提出当前古热液生物群研究存在的问题及今后的工作重点。     

一种有效追踪油气运移轨迹的新方法--断面优势运移通道的提出及其应用

作为油气运移的重要通道,断裂的不同部位对油气的输导能力具有很强的不均一性,从而造成沿油源断裂分布的油气圈闭具有明显的油气差异聚集结果。断而优势运移通道的提出改变了以往人们认为开启的断裂都是油气运移通道的错误观念,强调只有沿着断面优势运移通道寻找勘探目标,才可能发现油气藏。本文通过分析断裂带输导能力的不均一性,提出断而优势运移通道概念及其油气汇聚运移原理,断面优势运移通道分析步骤和方法,并以柴达木盆地北缘儿条主要的控油气断裂为例,分析了不同部他油气运移的优势运移通道并对其附近的油气圈闭含油气性进行了评价,结果与勘探成果相符。     

钢铁是怎样炼成的--谈GIS研究生的招生与培养

本刊特邀记者：在有关研究生读研原因调查中,有65％的人选择了“继续深造,找份好工作”,远远超过“喜欢做研究”的16．41％的比例,请问您对此有何看法？     

北疆沙尔布尔提山地区早泥盆-早石炭世沉积相、物源演变及其意义

准噶尔西北部沙尔布尔提山地区下泥盆统到下石炭统的沉积可划分为滨海相和海岸平原相。其中下泥盆统和布克赛尔组底部的乌图布拉克亚组为滨海碎屑岩相,曼格尔亚组为滨海碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩相,芒克鲁亚组为滨海碳酸盐岩相。中泥盆统呼吉尔斯特组为海岸平原相。上泥盆统洪古勒楞组底部为海岸平原相,向中部过渡为滨海碳酸盐岩相,顶部为滨海碎屑岩相。下石炭统黑山头组为滨海碎屑岩相。下泥盆统和下石炭统的古流向总体从北向南,显示研究区以北地区为物源区,即成吉斯-塔尔巴哈台褶皱带。结合沉积相的研究成果,本区可能属成吉斯-塔尔巴哈台褶皱带以南的晚古生代陆缘区。物源演变趋势分析揭示早泥盆世成吉斯-塔尔巴哈台带中的早古生代岛弧发生隆起,为乌图布拉克亚组提供成熟度很低的碎屑物质。随着岛弧被剥蚀殆尽,中、晚泥盆世呼吉尔斯特组和洪古勒楞组沉积时转而接受岩屑型再旋回造山带的物源供应,而早石炭世的物源则为过渡型再旋回造山带区。这种物源变化反映了成吉斯-塔尔巴哈台褶皱带的建造特征和隆起过程。     

浅谈现阶段地籍图修测的方法

在地籍图修测的过程中,我们提出“极坐标法”和“勘丈法”修测地籍图,把手工操作逐步转入微机,减少劳动强度,提高工作效率和变更地物点的相对精度,采用这种测量方法对今后修测地籍图有一定的指导性作用。     

生态环境建设对我国西部农业发展的贡献实证研究--以内蒙古自治区为例

西部大开发4年来的退耕还林(草)战略的实施,不仅使西部区草原植被得到一定程度的恢复,森林覆盖率迅速提高,而且改善了生态环境,促进了农业生产的发展。文章旨在通过计量经济模型的建立,运用计量经济软件Eviews,以内蒙古自治区为例确定生态环境与我国西部农业经济增长之间的数量关系:森林面积每增加1%,则农业总产值增长6.3303个百分点。这对于我国进一步推进退耕还林(草)战略、改善西部区域生态环境、促进西部农业经济发展具有重要的实践意义。     

Phylogenetic diversity of planktonic bacteria in the Chukchi Borderland region in summer

Planktonic bacteria are abundant in the Chukchi Borderland region. However, little is known about their diversity and the roles of various bacteria in the ocean. Seawater samples were collected from two stations K2S and K4S where sea ice was melting obviously. The analysis of water samples with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that DMSP-degrading bacteria accounted for 13% of the total bacteria at the station K2S. No aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria were detected in both samples. The bacterial communities were characterized by two 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Sequences fell into four major lineages of the domain Bacteria, including Proteobacteria (Alpha, Beta and Gamma subclasses), Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. No significant difference was found between the two clone libraries. SAR11 and Rhodobacteraceae clades of Alphaproteobacteria and Pseudoalteromonas of Gammapro-teobacteria constituted three dominant fractions in the clone libraries. A total of 191 heterotrophic bacterial strains were isolated and 76% showed extracellular proteolytic activity. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the isolates fell into Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. The most common genus in both the bacterial isolates and protease-producing bacteria was Pseudoalteromonas. UniFrac data showed suggestive differences in bacterial communities between the Chukchi Borderland and the northern Bering Sea.     

Spermatozoid life-span of two brown seaweeds, Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida, as measured by fertilization efficiency

During sexual reproduction of seaweeds, spermatozoid (sperm) discharge is triggered by chemical messengers (pheromones) released by the female gametes. The chemotactic ability of the sperm ensures fertilization success. Using unialgal male and female gametophyte material under designated standard gametogenesis testing (SGT) conditions, the potential life-span of the sperm of two seaweeds, Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida, was assessed by their ability to fertilize eggs. Results show that within 20-30 min after being discharged, sperm of both species could complete fertilization without an apparent decline in fertilization rate. Although fertilization rate 60–120 min after sperm discharge dropped significantly in both species, some sperm were viable enough to fertilize the eggs. In S. japonica, at 12°C, some sperm were able to fertilize eggs up to 12 h after discharge. In both species, egg discharge rates (EDR) in the male and female mixed positive controls were significantly higher than those of all the sperm-testing groups. Doubling the seeded male gametophytes of S. japonica in the SGT tests significantly increased the EDR, further confirming the effect of the presence of the male on the female in terms of facilitating egg discharge from oogonia.