塔里木河近期水量调配基本问题探讨

在塔里木河近期水量调配中，引入生态用水观念，从生态经济社会协调和全流程生态用水均衡目标出发，运用系统均衡理论，分析了塔里木河近期水量调配的目标、思路和技术途径，提出了流程纵横向均衡目标、水量配置定额的总量和结构相结合控制、生态用水下泄定额“扣除法”与“倒推法”处理，水量配置定额在时间序列上的分解等观点和方法。     

火焰原子吸收法测定化探样品中的银铜铅锌

样品经硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸分解，制成硝酸溶液，经巯基棉层析柱过滤富集Ag，并用2mol／LHBr溶液洗脱，用火焰原子吸收法测定洗脱液中的Ag和滤液中的Cu，Pb，Zn。用该法测定化探样品中银和铜铅锌，检出限低，结果准确度和精密度均令人满意。     

松潘-甘孜带：是弧前增生还是弧后消减?

根据多年在该区工作实践，认为松潘—甘孜造山带前身的巴颜喀拉盆地是羌塘—他念他翁晚古生代前缘弧之后的一系列多岛弧—盆系的一个大型弧后盆地。三叠纪时，围限此“三角形”盆地三条边缘的构造动力学作用方式具有不同的特征。其东侧为扬子西缘被动大陆边缘(D—T2)，中三叠晚期(拉丁期)转化为与华北和羌塘陆块有关的前陆盆地(T2—T3)，由于扬子陆块向西双向斜向俯冲作用，在其北侧和南侧边缘形成南昆仑和可可西里—甘孜—理塘俯冲消减杂岩。重建的地层层序和沉积地质特征显示巴颜喀拉盆地主体三叠系复理石沉积是周缘前陆盆地。     

四川盆地白垩纪沙漠石英沙颗粒表面特征

石英具有较大的硬度和较高的化学稳定性，因而其颗粒表面特征能很好地反映沉积环境。而通过扫描电镜研究石英颗粒表面微细特征是分析沉积环境行之有效的方法。虽然多数人认为四川盆地白垩纪地层存在沙漠沉积(打儿凼组和夹关组)，但仍有人对沙漠沉积的存在持怀疑态度，并认为是河流成三角洲沉积。过去关于其沉积环境的判别主要是根据沉积结构和构造，并未对其石英沙颗粒表面特征进行过系统分析。笔者对采自四川盆地白垩系不同层位地层的样品进行了石英沙颗粒表面特征系统分析。结果表明，石英沙颗粒表面特征分析可以成功地将石英沙区分为风成和水成沉积。因此，本文从石英沙颗粒表面特征方面进一步肯定了四川盆地白垩纪古沙漠的存在。     

The Discovery of Diamond from the Zhimafang Pyrope Peridotite of the Sulu UHP Metamorphic Zone, East China, and Its Geological Implications

From Donghai County of Jiangsu Province to Rongcheng County of Shandong Province on the southern border of the Sulu orogen, there exposes an ultramafic belt, accompanied with an ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic zone. It can be further divided into the Xugou belt (the northern belt), and the Maobei-Gangshang belt (the southern belt). One grain of diamond has been discovered from the Zhimafang pyrope peridotite in the southern belt using the heavy mineral method. The diamond grain is 2.13 mm × 1.42 mm × 0.83 mm in size and weighs 9.4 mg. The occurrence of the diamond suggests that the Zhimafang pyrope peridotite xenolith is derived from the lithospheric upper mantle. The tectonic emplacement mechanism of the pyrope peridotite xenoliths in granite-gneisses is obviously different from those in kimberlite. The Sulu orogen was located on the active continental margin of the Sino-Korean craton in the Neoproterozoic. The relatively cold and water-bearing oceanic crustal tholeiite slab subducted beneath the lith     

内蒙古固阳渣尔泰山群层序地层学及其控制因素

渣尔泰山群是华北地台北缘中元古代裂陷槽沉积,主要为一套遭受绿片岩相区域变质的碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩建造。根据岩性、岩相、相序和不整合界面的综合研究,对这套地层进行了详细的层序界面分析和层序划分,识别出Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和暴露-淹没复合型(Ⅲ型)3种类型层序界面,共划分出1个超层序、2个大层序和7个层序。总结了渣尔泰山群在碎屑滨岸、台缘碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩混积、碳酸盐台地、台前斜坡和陆棚盆地等不同古地理背景下的层序发育模式及其内部构成特征,并探讨了复合海平面变化、构造活动、沉积物供给、古地形等因素对层序形成和演化的控制作用。     

改进的最小二乘法在水文分析计算中的应用

在水分析计算中，经常涉及到变量之间的线性或非线性拟合，而在拟合各种特性曲线时，通常应用以实测资料与拟合曲线间的误差平方和最小作为目标函数的方法——最小二乘法，但这种方法忽视了所有实测点应与拟合曲线间的相对误差尽量不超过某一百分比的原则，为了达到上述要求，提出了非线性的加权最小二乘法及线性相关方程的最小距离平方和法，探讨改进了传统的最小二乘法达到优化的效果。最小距离平方和法与常用的图解法相比，本法所得成果较为客观；与传统的单方向(x或y方向)最小二乘回归法相比，所求线性方程不会因坐标系的选取而改变。最后应用算例进行了初步讨论。     

新型组合连梁控制结构体系

分析了连梁在水平力作用下的破坏机制，对连梁结构体系的发展及结构抗震控制进行了评述，在此基础上提出一种新型组合连梁控制结构体系，并对其进行了概念分析，提出了有待研究的若干关键问题。     

Seismicity anomalies before the great earthquake of M_S=8.1 in the Kunlun Pass and its significance to earthquake prediction

Introduction The MS=8.1 earthquake occurred in west of the Kunlun Pass on November 14, 2001. It is the greatest earthquake occurred in China since the last half of the century and is an important event in recent seismic history of China. Some specialists consider that the earthquake occurred in the area where the earthquake monitoring capability is lowest in Chinese mainland; no striking precursory seismicity was found. The study on the precursory seismicity before the earthquake has not b…     

Exploration and Study on Deep Crust Structural Characteristics in the Jiashi-Artux Seismic Region

The data from two deep seismic sounding profiles was processed and studied comprehensively. The results show that crnst-mantle structures in the investigated region obviously display layered characteristics and velocity structures and tectonic features have larger distinction in different geological structure blocks. The boundary interface C between the upper and lower crust and Moho fluctuate greatly. The shallowest depths of C (30.0km) and Moho (45.5km) under Jiashi deepen sharply from Jiashi to the western Kunlun mountain areas, where the depths of C and Moho are 44.0km and 70.0km, respectively. The higher velocity structures in the Tarim massif determine its relatively “stable“ characteristics in crust tectonics. The phenomenon in the Jiashi region, where the distribution of earthquake foci mostly range from 20kin to 40kin in depth, may infer that the local uplift of C and Moho interface, anomalonsly lower velocity bodies and deep large faults control earthquake occurrence and seismogenic processes in the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm.