Nutrient compositions of cultured Skeletonema costatum,Chaetoceros curvisetus,and Thalassiosira nordenskildii

We cultured different-sized fractions of dominant phytoplankton species,Skeletonema costatum,Chaetoceros curvisetus,and Thalassiosira nordenski ldii,collected in different sea areas in various seasons,and measured and compared their C,N,P,Si contents.The N content of these species is similar,while the C,P,and Si contents of S.costatum from eutrophic Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary are higher than those from Jiaozhou Bay (JZB),particularly the content of Si.The C,N,P,and Si contents of cultured phytoplank...     

基于摩尔-库仑模型的非线性本构模型的开发及其在应变局部化中的应用

以FLAC中的Mohr-Coulomb（M-C）本构模型为基础,在C++环境下实现了考虑拉伸截断的非线性本构模型的二次开发。针对应力及位移的分布规律,将理想弹塑性的Hoek-Brown（H-B）本构模型、M-C本构模型及自定义本构模型的数值解及H-B本构模型的理论解进行了比较,验证了自定义本构模型的正确性。采用弹-脆-塑性的自定义本构模型,以先加载,后挖洞的方式模拟了圆形巷道围岩的应变局部化过程,在计算模型的边界条件对称及均质本构参数的条件下,模拟出了4个对称的V型坑,模拟结果与静水压力条件下岩爆的现场观测及试验结果吻合,而采用接近脆性的H-B应变软化模型所得结果的对称性较差     

轴压下两体力学模型的转化条件及影响因素分析

接触界面的相互作用是影响工程稳定的重要因素,基于接触面两侧介质的实际受力状态,采用一体两介质力学模型与两体两介质力学模型加以描述。通过一体和两体模型试件的轴压破坏试验,分析了两种模型的力学响应的差异,并认为：一体两介质力学模型在符合一定条件情况下可以转变为两体两介质力学模型。此外,还对影响两种力学模型性能的参数进行了分析。提出对一体两介质力学模型力学性能产生影响的参量是低强度介质与高强度介质的静载极限强度比k以及两种介质之间的黏结力c;对两体两介质力学模型力学性能产生影响的主要参量除了k之外,尚有两种介质的断裂韧度比? 、体积比? 以及界面的粗糙程度     

岩溶地区飞机草化学防治研究

在飞机草(EupatoriumodoratumL.)入侵严重的岩溶区,用样方法进行百草枯(paraquat)、草甘膦(glyphosate)及草甘膦与2,4-D的混合药剂防治野外飞机草试验,每种药剂分别设0.25%、0.5%和1%三个浓度。结果表明:施药5天后,各浓度百草枯处理的飞机草植株全部干枯;高浓度的草甘膦及高、中浓度的草甘膦+2,4-D处理下,飞机草植株2/3的叶干枯,茎半干枯。施药30天后,低浓度百草枯处理的飞机草的死亡率为77%,高浓度处理下的达100%,各处理的新生苗密度极显著小于对照;低浓度草甘膦和草甘膦+2,4-D处理的飞机草死亡率均为33%,高浓度处理的约为50%,各浓度处理下新生苗密度与对照均无显著差异。由此可见:(1)各浓度处理下百草枯的药效高于草甘膦和草甘膦+2,4-D的药效,对土壤中飞机草种子萌发具明显影响,宜用在飞机草单优势群落中。(2)较高浓度的草甘膦和草甘膦+2,4-D可防除大部分飞机草,对土壤中种子影响小,可考虑使用在飞机草为伴生植物的耕地、果园等生境中。      

利用加速差分进化算法反演非均匀介质电磁成像

本文研究了差分进化算法在地球物理反演中的几种应用.利用双频电磁波电导率成像原理建立成像方程后,根据其严重病态性质,将Tikhonov正则化方法与差分进化算法结合,反演其成像方程.为加速差分进化算法的收敛速度,提出了将种群熵的自适应差分进化(ARDE)算法以及粒子群差分进化混合(PSODE)算法分别与Tikhonov正则化方法结合.在大型反演计算中,这两种方法可以在不影响反演效果的前提下,不同程度地提高收敛速度,降低时间成本.适宜于在正则化参数选取困难情况时的地球物理反演问题的求解.     

基于小波变换的侧扫声纳图像镶嵌研究

传统的基于简单加权的侧扫声纳图像镶嵌方法,很容易造成图像信噪比的降低以及出现拼接痕迹.本文提出了一种基于小波变换的镶嵌方法,通过实测数据处理,表明该方法优于传统的镶嵌方法,不仅能够很好地将源图像细节融合在一起,而且能够很好地显示源图像各自的信息.     

一种基于多能统计的射束硬化校正方法

在X射线层析成像(X-CT)系统中,传统的CT重建算法都基于射线源是单能的假设提出的,而实际的射线源是多能的,直接由多能投影数据用传统的重建算法重建图像,会导致硬化效应。本文把实际的多能谱细化成若干个子能谱,根据光子数服从Poisson分布这一规律建立数学模型,在传统迭代重建算法的基础上,借用统计的方法进行参数估计。实验结果表明该方法可以有效消除重建图像中的杯状伪影,提高重建图像质量。     

地面核磁共振信号相位求取电阻率

椭圆极化现象是电磁场在导电介质中传播时产生的,为得到准确的相位信息,在计算激发磁场时应考虑椭圆极化。本文研究了地面核磁共振(SNMR)信号相位求取电阻率的基本方法,利用SNMR信号通过广义逆反演法得到电阻率未知情况下的含水率及层位分布,作为相位反演电阻率的先验值,通过模拟退火法实现对电阻率的反演。对SNMR的研究解决了通过相位对电阻率的求取,有利于进一步利用相位信息提高含水层和含水率反演的精度。      

Exploring spatiotemporal relationships among meteorological,agricultural, and hydrological droughts in Southwest China

Each type of drought has different characteristics in different regions. It is important to distinguish different types of droughts and their correlations. Based on gauged precipitation, temperature, simulated soil moisture, and runoff data during the period 1951–2012, the relationships among meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological droughts were analyzed at different time scales in Southwest China. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), soil moisture anomaly percentage index (SMAPI), and standardized runoff index (SRI) were used to describe meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological droughts, respectively. The results show that there was a good correlation among the three indices. SMAPI had the best correlation with the 3 month SPEI and SRI values. It indicates that agricultural drought was characterized by a 3-month scale. The three drought indices displayed the similar special features such as drought scope, drought level, and drought center during the extreme drought of 2009–2010. However, the scope and level of SPEI were bigger than those of SMAPI and SRI. The propagation characteristics of the three types of droughts were significantly different. The temporal drought process in typical grids reflect that the meteorological drought occurred ahead of agricultural and hydrological droughts by about 1 and 3 months, respectively. Agricultural drought showed a stable drought process and reasonable time periods for the drought beginning and end. These results showed the quantitative relationships among three types of drought and thus provided an important supporting evidence for regional drought monitoring and strategic decisions.