The Relationship between Precipitation and Airflow over the Tibetan Plateau in Boreal Summer

Based on the observation data and the reanalysis datasets, the variability and the circulation features influencing precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are investigated. Taking into account the effects of topography, surface winds are deconstructed into flow-around and flow-over components relative to the TP. Climatologically, the flow-around component mainly represents cyclonic circulation in the TP during the summer. The transition zone of total precipitation in the summer parallels the convergence belt between the southerlies and the northerlies of the flow-over component. The leading mode of rainfall anomalies in the TP has a meridional dipole structure, and the first principal component (PC1) mainly depicts the variation of rainfall in the southern TP. The wet southern TP experiences strengthened flow-over, which in turn mechanistically favors intensified ascent forced by the flow-over component. In addition, variations in the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) have an important role in influencing the flow over the southern TP, and the ISM ultimately impacts the precipitation over southern TP.     

Distinguished Effects of Interannual Salinity Variability on the Development of the Central-Pacific El Nino Events

El Nio events in the central equatorial Pacific (CP) are gaining increased attention,due to their increasing intensity within the global warming context.Various physical processes have been identified in the climate system that can be responsible for the modulation of El Nio,especially the effects of interannual salinity variability.In this work,a comprehensive data analysis is performed to illustrate the effects of interannual salinity variability using surface and subsurface salinity fields from the Met Office ENSEMBLES (EN3) quality controlled ocean dataset.It is demonstrated that during the developing phase of an El Nio event,a negative sea surface salinity (SSS) anomaly in the western-central basin acts to freshen the mixed layer (ML),decrease oceanic density in the upper ocean,and stabilize the upper layers.These related oceanic processes tend to reduce the vertical mixing and entrainment of subsurface water at the base of the ML,which further enhances the warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with the El Nio event.However,the effects of interannually variable salinity are much more significant during the CP-El Nio than during the eastern Pacific (EP) El Nio,indicating that the salinity effect might be an important contributor to the development of CP-El Nio events.     

测量工业烟囱高度的一种新方法

结合工业烟囱的形状特点,将烟囱虚拟为两个不同半径的同心圆柱,综合运用全站仪悬高测量功能和圆柱偏心测量功能,提出一种一次架设仪器解决工业烟囱高度测量的新方法,该方法不仅能减少外业工作量,减轻测量人员的外业工作强度,还能得到满足测量精度要求的数据,对实际工程测量有一定的指导意义。     

应用机载LiDAR系统测制丘陵地区的大比例尺地形图

就机载LiDAR系统在丘陵地区测制1∶2000地形图的方法进行探索与实践,总结出应用LiDAR系统测制大比例尺地形图的内、外业作业方法与步骤。     

基于SPOT 5图像的岩溶地貌单元自动提取方法

通过对峰林、峰丛和岩溶洼地3者的地理特征和影像特征的研究,基于遥感图像本底值提出了能有效反映目标特征的遥感指数——植被指数、土壤亮度指数、图像主成分变换第1主成分值及地形数据等,并构建了遥感指数的集成计算法,建立了遥感自动提取模型.指数集成运算法能够有效地增大峰丛、峰林与其他地物之间的光谱差异,使这些岩溶地貌单元的灰度值高于其他地物,从而利于岩溶地貌单元提取阈值的自动选取.基于构建的遥感自动提取模型先提取了峰丛、峰林信息,并在此基础上提取了岩溶洼地信息.经实验研究表明,该方法具有较高的提取精度和效率.     

基于星型结构的虚拟参考站网络实时动态测量关键算法研究

构建一种星型结构的VRS网络RTK基线解算方式,提出适用于星型结构VRS网络RTK模糊度解算方法。针对这种星型结构分别对VRS网络RTK中电离层、对流层改正数的算法进行深入研究。最后通过两个试验对星型VRS网络与传统VRS三角形网络在网络模糊度解算与VRS网络改正数计算两方面进行了验证分析。试验结果表明所提出的星型结构...     

浅析地理信息系统课程在土木工程专业开设的必要性

介绍了地理信息系统在土木工程专业的广泛应用,论证了土木工程专业开设地理信息系统课程的必要性,并提出了兰州理工大学土木工程专业GIS人才培养途径和地理信息系统课程在土木工程专业开设的初步设想。     

测量技术在CRTSⅡ无砟轨道板静态调整中的应用

为了适应高速铁路行车的平顺性和舒适性的要求,高速铁路轨道必须具有较高的铺设精度,甚至精度要保持到毫米级范围内,测量技术就显得尤为重要。无砟轨道板静态调整是控制客运专线高平顺性和高精度的最后一个工序,也是整个测量过程的重中之重,本文以石武客运专线SWZQ-7标段漯-驻特大桥为例,通过对CPⅢ测量、全站仪设站、外业数据采集及模拟调整等测量技术进行分析和研究,说明测量技术在CRTSⅡ无砟轨道板长钢轨静态调整中的重要性。     

基于分形理论的建筑物沉降观测数据处理

建筑物在施工、运营阶段受主体荷载等各种因素影响会产生沉降变形,为了利于建筑物沉降分析,保障建筑物安全,分析了分形理论在建筑物沉降数据处理中的可行性。通过实例,得出了基于分形理论的建筑物沉降数据处理方法。     

实时精密单点定位中的数据预处理研究

提出了适用于实时环境的一套数据预处理方案,包括钟跳修复、联合使用Geometry-Free和Melbourne-Wübbena组合进行周跳探测。通过丰富的实验算例,说明了对观测值进行钟跳修复的必要性;证明了联合使用GF与MW组合能够准确有效地探测出实际数据中存在的以及手工模拟加入的周跳。