浅层岩土室内、外热物性测试的相关性

对于浅层岩土热物性参数测试中常用的实验室和现场热响应试验方法,结合上海某工程的实际情况,提出一种基于室内试验的岩土综合热物性参数确定方法。首先,根据室内、外试验测试结果的差异,选取地层厚度、含水率、密度及渗透系数作为影响二者热物性参数测试差异的主要因素,使用层次分析法确定各影响因素的权值,并按权值大小修正室内热物性参数测试结果。然后,分别模拟室外现场热响应试验和修正后的室内热物性参数以及实际地层的传热过程,得出三者在热量传导能力之间的差距分别为1.2%、1.1%及2.3%。最后,提出埋管深度和导热系数的乘积可代表岩土层的换热能力,且计算出修正后的室内热物性参数对应的均一导热系数与现场热响应试验测出的综合导热系数分别为1.832 W/(m·℃)和1.778 W/(m·℃)。     

香港滑坡中原生火山组构和粘土分布状态的意义

香港火山岩地区大多数雨水诱发的滑坡层次浅,规模小。但是１９９５年香港岛上发生的两起严重滑坡使原生火山岩叶的叶量和高岭土堆积之间的关系明确起来了,这种关系也许在测定较大的崩塌场地有普遍意义。（１）在缓倾斜凝灰岩中平行层理的剪切带是高岭土堆积的位置,成为软弱的面状低透水层,起到顺坡崩塌的破裂面效果;（２）陡倾斜组构（条纹斑状叶理）和近于平行的密集节理发育在同火山期剪切带中,深层次风化作用沿着剪切带加深     

追悼刘辉泗先生

二十六年冬,余奉调入江西地质调查所工作;时赣北战事紧张,所址迁移萍乡安源镇之葛仙寺,下车伊始,即与刘君辉泗相遇於葛仙寺下之山坡,君方自赣南调查归来,畅谈野外所见,滔滔不绝。及相处日久,尤慕其禀牲真挚,待人诚坦,不     

波动分析约束下的原型盆地剥蚀量恢复——以惠民凹陷为例

为准确的恢复原型盆地剥蚀量,提出在波动分析法约束下,恢复原型盆地剥蚀量的新思路。即通过波动分析法界定剥蚀的区域和厚度范围,再精确计算原型盆地剥蚀量。并以惠民凹陷新生代为例,首先运用波动分析原理,得出反映凹陷形成与发展的主周期波为57,27和7．5Ma,根据7．5Ma的周期波反映凹陷内不同沉积期间断面的剥蚀情况,来确定区域的剥蚀范围。然后根据惠民凹陷的地质特点及资料情况,采用沉积速率法、镜质体反射率差值法、地层对比法等来恢复局部地层的剥蚀量。在波动分析法的约束下,参考地质沉积史和构造演化分析的结果,综合加权平均得到最终的地层剥蚀厚度,以确保计算结果精确。研究结果表明：受波动旋回的影响,沙四段和孔店组地层普遍存在剥蚀,剥蚀厚度较大的区域主要集中在凹陷边缘或靠近隆起区,剥蚀量最小的区域是阳信洼陷,说明该区沙四上亚段和孔二段烃源岩没有遭受破坏,具有较大的勘探潜力。     

Determining anisotropic transmissivity using a simplified Papadopulos method

The straight-line method presented by Papadopulos requires a minimum of three observation wells for determining the transmissivity tensor of a homogeneous and anisotropic aquifer. A simplification of this method was developed for fractured aquifers where the principal directions of the transmissivity tensor are known prior to implementation, such as when fracture patterns on outcropping portions of the aquifer may be used to infer the principal directions. This new method assumes that observation wells are drilled along the two principal directions from the pumped well, thus reducing the required number of observation wells to two. This method was applied for an aquifer test in the fractured Navajo Sandstone of southwestern Utah and yielded minimum and maximum principal transmissivity values of 70 and 1800 m(2)/d, respectively, indicating an anisotropy ratio of approximately 24 to 1.     

Endocrine disruption in a marine amphipod? Field observations of intersexuality and de-masculinisation

Intersexuality has been found in both males and females of the marine/estuarine amphipod, Echinogammarus marinus, at polluted and reference sites in East Scotland. Polluted sites had significantly more intersex specimens than reference sites, however the cause of intersexuality is unclear. Discriminant analysis of morphometric data showed that normal male specimens from the most polluted site resembled pooled intersex males, suggesting that subtle endocrine disruption (ED) maybe occurring in these otherwise apparently normal males. The main discriminating character was gnathopod size, recognised to be under androgenic gland control. The association of distinctive morphometry with intersexuality may provide a new approach to biomarkers of ED in crustaceans. The opportunities for other novel biomarkers, for example biochemical or behavioural markers, may also be explored through study of intersex animals.     

Can industrial pollution cause intersexuality in the amphipod, Echinogammarus marinus?

Following recent studies, in which intersex and/or reproductive abnormalities have been observed in a number of crustaceans in association with pollution, the prevalence of intersexuality in the amphipod, Echinogammarus marinus was monitored at sites receiving industrial discharges for one year in 2002/2003. Based upon reports of intersexuality occurring in amphipods due to feminising microsporidian parasites, the occurrence, and role of microsporidian parasites in causing intersex was investigated through histological examination. Results demonstrate a significantly higher prevalence of intersex organisms was found at sites receiving industrial discharges throughout the year when compared to a reference site, with the phenotype of intersex (intersex male and intersex female) varying in its dominance between impacted sites. Intersex specimens were significantly more likely to be infected with microsporidian parasites at sites receiving discharges than reference sites, however relatively few specimens (normal or intersex) were infected at reference sites suggesting parasitism is not the only cause of intersex. The direct/indirect role of pollution in the observed intersexuality is discussed.     

东秦岭岩石层的地电模型

根据大地电磁测深结果,东秦岭河南叶县—湖北南漳地区的岩石层由4个电性单元组成,其中华北地块南缘为相对高温的低阻区;秦岭北部为低温的高阻异常区;南秦岭为高温的低阻区,岩石层平均厚度仅80km,南秦岭的南部推覆到扬子地块之上达40—50km;扬子地块为相对低温的中等电阻率区,岩石层厚度150—200km．利用秦岭地区地壳上地幔岩石样品高温高压条件下电阻率的测定结果推断了各单元岩石层内电性层可能的岩石组成类型,并建立了剖面通过地区岩石层的地电模型．     

板块构造,板块运移机制及裂谷作用

一系列西半球大陆分布的古地理分析认为，通过缓慢对流的下层岩石圈的上地幔施加到岩石圈底部的磨擦力在驱驶板块运动机制上可起到重要作用。通过这样的简化，与软流圈上涌以及与在造山带处岩石圈过厚有关的岩片抽拉和岩层波状起伏，洋脊推动和张应力偏量可以被认为是次要的板块运移力。全球的现在应力状态以及整个地质证据说明了主压应力可以通过大陆和海洋岩石圈远距离传送。主要大陆块体的组合（象ｐａｎｇｅａ联合古陆）可能具有单一施加在上地幔对流系统的效应。上地慢对流系统导致了大陆块体的衰亡和重组，由岩石圈中偏张应力的发育以及由施加在巨大大陆底部之上拖曳力引起大陆分裂，形成新的软流圈上涌体系。岩石圈扩张在断裂处形成高峰，接着软流圈物质主动平流进入到两个分散板块之间，作为洋壳加积。与此同时，洋隆对板块分散起着推动力的作用。如果远区域挤压应力阻止了不同板块进一步离散的话，沿着洋底的扩张轴的活动性可能突然终止。这可以解释在板块边界重组期间通常在远距离区域海底扩张轴的几乎同时消亡特征。假设一个有限的球体，在海底扩张轴处新的洋壳岩石圈的产生一定与由洋壳岩石圈消减数量和／或大陆地壳和下部地壳物质消减以及亚地壳消减地方的数量相匹配。由地慢对流系统以及