震害异常的工程地质与地震地质特征

本文通过廊坊市及其邻近地区的实地调查取得了唐山地震对该地区影响的空间分布特征,并结合工程地质水文地质资料,说明了造成不均勻震害分布的因素。     

高山地区地形降水分布的中尺度指标

对高山地区地形降水率指标提出了一个简单的分析表达式。方程式的假设是;山区边界层内的水汽辐合近似等于降水量。对喜马拉雅山脉,安第斯山脉,加州的内华达山脉进行数值计算后得到近似实际的降水分布。特别在内华达山脉用二维降水模式模拟了几次风暴过程的降水分布。根据高山地区的模拟结果可推测:细微的微物理过程对降水分布的作用在高山比在小到中等高度山地要小。研究了地形降水量最大高度z_m并推导出钟形山脉的z_m分析表达式。推出的z_m和实测值相当一致。发现最大降水量高度z_m总是移向比最陡坡处要低的高度层。同时表明z_m存在一个上限值。这上限和山的高度无关,主要决定于水汽标定高度(moisture scale height)和对流层大气标定高度(tropospheric scale height)。在喜马拉雅山区,除了已观察到的两个最大降水量高度(分别位于山脚和约2—2.4公里高度处)外,理论上还预示存在第三个最大降水量高度。这个没有观察到的理论上最大值预言位于4公里高度。由于在那个高度上缺少足够的观察资料,即使存在也很难得到证实。     

Long-Term variability of the indian summer monsoon and related parameters

The long-term variability of the Indian summer monsoon rain-fall and related regional and global param-eters are studied. The cubic spline is used as a digital filter to smooth the high frequency signals in the time series of the various parameters. The length of the data series varies from 95 to 115 years during the period 1871-1985. The parameters studied within the monsoon system are: (a) monsoon rainfall of the country as a whole; (b) number of break-monsoon days during July and August; (c) number of storms/ depressions in Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea during summer monsoon season; and (d) dates of onset of summer monsoon over South Kerala Coast. The parameters studied outside the monsoon system are: (a) the Wright’s Southern Oscillation Index (June-July-August); (b) the January mean Northern Hemi-spheric surface air temperature anomaly; and (c) the East-equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly.In order to examine the variability under various degrees of the smoothing, the series are filtered with splines of 50% variance reduction frequency of one cycle per 10, 20 and 30 years. It is observed that the smoothed time series of the parameters within the monsoon system comprise a common slowly varying com-ponent in an episodic manner distinctly showing the excess and deficient rainfall epochs. The change of intercorrelations between the time series with increasing degree of smoothing throws some light on the time scales of the dominant interactions. The relation between Southern Oscillation and East equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature and the Indian summer monsoon seems to be dominant on the interannual scale. The low frequency variations are found to have significantly contributed to the instability of the correlations of monsoon rainfall with parameters outside the monsoon system.     

与加拿大安大略省赫姆洛金巨人矿床有关的地质和矿化作用

引言赫姆洛矿床是一个产于太古宙变质碎屑岩、火山碎屑岩和火山岩层内的层状中等到局部高品位的Au—Mo矿床,位于安大略省马拉松以东的沿17号公路35公里处(图1,见下一篇文章图1)。矿床地层以具有广泛的角闪岩相片岩和非叶片状花岗变晶变质岩或花岗霏细岩变种为特征。金巨人矿床的主矿带和下矿带作为富Au、Mo、Ba、Sb、Hg、As、V和B的含微斜长石层,赋存在几个不同岩性的岩层中。     

栗木矿田花岗岩中氟磷锰矿的研究

根据栗木矿田氟磷锰矿的光性、X粉晶数据、差热曲线、红外光谱以及化学成分特征,该矿物属氟磷铁矿—氟磷锰矿系列中接近于锰端员的矿物。氟磷锰矿主要产于燕山早期晚阶段含锂云母钠长石花岗岩中,与钠长石,含锂云母、后期石英、黄玉、萤石和锡石等密切伴生。该矿物是在岩体云英岩化晚期阶段热液交代作用形成。矿物形成温度为308℃,是花岗岩型锡矿床的标型矿物。     

法国Beauvoir花岗岩中烧绿石族矿物的研究

在法国Ｂｅａｕｖｏｉｒ花岗岩中，烧绿石－细晶石族矿物是重要的铌钽矿物之一，主要出现在岩体的上部。大部分晶体为自形，白色、谈黄色或谈绿色，粒径为微米至毫米级。３０多个电子探针分析结果表明，主要成分为Ｎａ、Ｃａ、Ｕ、Ｎｂ，Ｔａ、Ｆ．从岩体的下部到上部，烧绿石族矿物的Ｎｂ／（Ｎｂ＋Ｔａ）比值呈升高的趋势。这些矿物富含铀，Ｕｏ＿２含量最高达１５．０５％，部分烧绿石和细晶石为铀烧绿石和铀细晶石；另一方面，在岩体下部，细晶石中Ｕｏ＿２含量平均为６．３％，而在岩体上部，烧绿石和细晶石中的Ｕｏ＿２平均含量为９．０％