金刚石伴生矿物中的烃类包裹体问题(英文)

首次在Mir金伯利岩筒中的锆石中发现了烃类包裹体。利用低温荧光光谱仪测定出烃类包裹体的成分为萘和菲的同系物 ,芘 ,1,12苯并芘等 ;其成分与Udachnaya岩筒中的橄榄石内的烃类和Mir岩筒中的石榴石中的烃类的成分相近。测定出锆石的δ13C值为 - 2 1 83‰～ - 3 3 5 4‰ ,与用榴辉岩共生组合中最轻的金刚石测出的同位素δ13C值范围相符。文中引述了有关有机物来源的讨论及多环芳烃 (PAH)由缩聚作用形成的论述。伴生矿物中相当数量的PAH的存在证明在形成金刚石及其伴生矿物的情况下 ,若有相当浓度的自由氢存在则可能发生缩聚作用。这些缩聚作用中碳的来源显然与形成金刚石时碳的来源是相同的 (即液态的CH4,CO及CO2 )。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000508

This paper presents the results of a set of numerical models focussing on structural controls on hydrothermal mineralization.We first give an overview of natural phenomena of structurally-controlled ore formation and the background theory and mechanisms for such controls. We then provide the results of a group of simple 2D numerical models validated through comparison with Cu-vein structure observed near the Shilu Copper deposit(Yangchun,Guangdong Province, China) and finally a case study of 3D numerical modelling applied to the Hodgkinson Province in North Queensland(Australia).Two modelling approaches,discrete deformation modelling and continuum coupled deformation and fluid flow modelling,are involved.The 2D model-derived patterns are remarkably consistent with the Cu-vein structure from the Shilu Copper deposit,and show that both modelling approaches can realistically simulate the mechanical behaviours of shear and dilatant fractures.The continuum coupled deformation and fluid flow model indicates that pattern of the Cuveins near the Shilu deposit is the result of shear strain localization,development of dilation and fluid focussing into the dilatant fracture segments.The 3D case-study models(with deformation and fluid flow coupling) on the Hodgkinson Province generated a number of potential gold mineralization targets.     

全球变化下地表反照率研究进展

地表反照率表征地球表面对太阳辐射的反射能力,决定着地表与大气之间辐射能量的分配过程,是影响地球气候系统的关键变量。在全球变化日益突出的今天,地表反照率与全球变化的相互影响机制已经成为地球科学研究领域的热点问题之一。地表反照率的细微变化,会影响到地气系统的能量收支平衡,进而引起区域以至全球气候变化。详细介绍地表反照率影响...     

Small-Scale Mineralogical Heterogeneity from Variations in Phase Assemblages in the Transition Zone and D Layer Predicted by Convection Modelling

Small-scale heterogeneity in the deep mantle is concentrated in the upper-mantle transi-tion zone(TZ),in the depth range 410-660 km and also at the bottom 250 km D region.This encour-ages a more detailed investigation of the potential for seismic reflectivity imaging by modelling hetero-geneous structures in mantle convection models including phase transitions of the TZ and D regions.We applied finite elements with variable spacing near the boundary layers in 2-D cylindrical geometry that allow for sufficie...     

Development of Water Quality Index (WQI) model for the groundwater in Tirupur district, South India

Groundwater quality of the Tiruppur district in Tamil Nadu was investigated in this study to develop a Water Quality Index (WQI) model. Hydrochemical parameters showed tremendous variation in certain location over the seasons. Ionic chemistry of groundwater suggested that textile industries and rock-water interaction are major threats to the water quality. Analysis of Na and Ca concentration indicates that direct as well as the inverse cation exchange controls the natural cation chemistry. NO3 concentration shows that the pre-monsoon samples were affected by the fertilizer usage in agricultural fields. Na-Cl type of the water was dominant throughout the study area except few locations. WQI showed that 55% of the pre-monsoon samples and the 47% of the post monsoon samples were classified as poor/very poor/unsuitable for drinking category. Leaching of the textile waste and their transport to the downstream was well observed during the post-monsoon season. The specific contribution of river Noyyal in the transport of the solutes to the discharge zones was proved by the hydrochemistry of the samples.     

用于环境地质填图的组合遥感图像——在西班牙CdGN自然公园的应用

西班牙的Cabo de Gata Nijar天然公园提供了某些使其具有重要地质生态和环境意义的独特特征。作为该公园环境和采矿活动（直到十几年前才停下来）产生影响研究的优先步骤,确定了矿山和废物遗弃场地的位置,对岩性作了鉴定。为了达到这个目的,采用了不同的遥感技术来建立高分辨率的图像文件,图像文件将成为该区地质和环境填图的根据：因为从前的采矿活动牵涉到当地的环境,所以特别注意这些区域。由于具有不同空间／频谱分辨率的遥感图像日益加大的可用性,因此它们已成为很有用的工具。上述的是SPOT全色和陆地卫星专题成像仪多频图像的情形,它们是地质和环境研究中最常使用的基于遥感的两种图像。在为数众多阐述组合遥感图像资料的技术中,本文利用SPOT全色和陆地卫星TM资料研究那些基于亮度一色相一彰度（饱和度）、主要成分分析、高通滤波器和颜色正规化的变换。该研究的目标是：分析和对比一些最常使用的方法;选择最适合用于详细地质．环境研究的方法;将该方法用于Cabo de Gata Nijar地区一国家最具特色的一个天然公园场地。     

南秦岭横丹浊积岩系——晚古生代发育于扬子板块被动陆缘上的弧前盆地充填物

南秦岭横丹浊积岩系是一套巨厚的浊流沉积,以向南或南东倾的单斜构造产出。由下而上,该沉积层序包括深水盆地、深水浊积扇和斜坡水道3个相序。相应地,沉积物粒度变粗,厚度变大,火山质组分含量增加,凝灰层大量发育,表明横丹浊积岩系为活动型浊积岩;其古水流方向为NNW—NNE向,物源区为南侧的碧口火山岩系。另外,横丹浊积岩系内还见石英岩、重结晶大理岩成分的砾石,说明其物源还包括被动陆缘环境的沉积物。相序、组构、沉积特征和物源区综合分析表明,横丹浊积岩系为弧前盆地充填物。构筑这一弧前盆地的动力学机制是洋壳板块向南俯冲于扬子板块被动陆缘之下,时代可能晚于中晚泥盆世。     

固体废弃物管理不当对地下水产生的影响

倾倒垃圾处形成的淋漓液中包含大量的可能造成地下水污染的物质。这些区域对地下水的影响可以通过在特定监测点监测潜在的污染物浓度来判断。本研究中,我们对Chennai地区城市固体废物垃圾场周边的地下水水质进行了调查。在3年间每间隔3个月,由垃圾填埋场开始,选择不同距离的水样进行化学分析。研究表明,这些区域地下水不能满足印度标准局的饮用水标准。垃圾倾倒对地下水的影响最早表现在溶解物浓度、电导率、总体硬度、氧化物、化学需氧量、硝化剂及硫酸盐。在这些位置的淋漓液还包含重金属。在雨季后,污染物浓度趋于下降,而在雨季前,很多样品的污染浓度会增加。早期研究表明,在人口密集城市中,应该设有依据某种规范的地下水监测系统。进而,垃圾垃圾场及周边的地下水不应作为饮用水,除非满足某种特殊的标准。在发达地区,未经严格固体废物管理许可而随意倾倒垃圾的行为应到受到禁止。